Interface

This document was generated from 'src/documentation/print-interface-wiki.ts' on 2025-08-24, 20:02:04 UTC presenting an overview of flowR's interfaces (v2.4.7, using R v4.5.0). Please do not edit this file/wiki page directly.

Although far from being as detailed as the in-depth explanation of flowR, this wiki page explains how to interface with flowR in more detail. In general, command line arguments and other options provide short descriptions on hover over.

💬 Communicating with the Server
💻 Using the REPL
⚙️ Configuring FlowR
⚒️ Writing Code

💬 Communicating with the Server

As explained in the Overview, you can simply run the TCP server by adding the --server flag (and, due to the interactive mode, exit with the conventional CTRL+C). Currently, every connection is handled by the same underlying RShell - so the server is not designed to handle many clients at a time. Additionally, the server is not well guarded against attacks (e.g., you can theoretically spawn an arbitrary number of RShell sessions on the target machine).

Every message has to be given in a single line (i.e., without a newline in-between) and end with a newline character. Nevertheless, we will pretty-print example given in the following segments for the ease of reading.

Note

The default --server uses a simple TCP connection. If you want flowR to expose a WebSocket server instead, add the --ws flag (i.e., --server --ws) when starting flowR from the command line.

Hello Message (hello)
View Details. The server informs the client about the successful connection and provides Meta-Information.
sequenceDiagram autonumber participant Client participant Server Client-->Server: connects Server->>Client: hello
Loading
After launching flowR, for example, with docker run -it --rm eagleoutice/flowr --server (🐳️), simply connecting should present you with a hello message, that amongst others should reveal the versions of flowR and R, using the semver 2.0 versioning scheme. The message looks like this:
```
{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}
```
There are currently a few messages that you can send after the hello message. If you want to slice a piece of R code you first have to send an analysis request, so that you can send one or multiple slice requests afterward. Requests for the REPL are independent of that.
Message schema (hello)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-hello.ts.
- . object [required]
  - type string [required] The type of the hello message. Allows only the values: 'hello'
  - id any [forbidden] The id of the message is always undefined (as it is the initial message and not requested).
  - clientName string [required] A unique name that is assigned to each client. It has no semantic meaning and is only used/useful for debugging.
  - versions object [required]
    
    flowr string [required] The version of the flowr server running in semver format.
    
    r string [required] The version of the underlying R shell running in semver format.
    
    engine string [required] The parser backend that is used to parse the R code.

Analysis Message (request-file-analysis)

View Details. The server builds the dataflow graph for a given input file (or a set of files).

sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    participant Client
    participant Server

    
    Client->>+Server: request-file-analysis
    alt
        Server-->>Client: response-file-analysis
    else
        Server-->>Client: error
    end
    deactivate  Server

The request allows the server to analyze a file and prepare it for slicing. The message can contain a filetoken, which is used to identify the file in later slice or lineage requests (if you do not add one, the request will not be stored and therefore, it is not available for subsequent requests).

Please note!
If you want to send and process a lot of analysis requests, but do not want to slice them, please do not pass the filetoken field. This will save the server a lot of memory allocation.

Furthermore, the request must contain either a content field to directly pass the file's content or a filepath field which contains the path to the file (this path must be accessible for the server to be useful). If you add the id field, the answer will use the same id so you can match requests and the corresponding answers. See the implementation of the request-file-analysis message for more information.

Example of the request-file-analysis Message

Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.

The following lists all messages that were sent and received in case you want to reproduce the scenario:

hello (response)

Show Details

The first message is always a hello message.

{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}

request-file-analysis (request)
Show Details

Let' suppose you simply want to analyze the following script:
```
x <- 1
x + 1
```
For this, you can send the following request:
```
{
  "type": "request-file-analysis",
  "id": "1",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "content": "x <- 1\nx + 1"
}
```

response-file-analysis (response)

Show Details

The results field of the response effectively contains three keys of importance:

parse: which contains 1:1 the parse result in CSV format that we received from the RShell (i.e., the AST produced by the parser of the R interpreter).
normalize: which contains the normalized AST, including ids (see the info field and the Normalized AST wiki page).
dataflow: especially important is the graph field which contains the dataflow graph as a set of root vertices (see the Dataflow Graph wiki page).

As the code is pretty long, we inhibit pretty printing and syntax highlighting (JSON, hiding built-in):

{"type":"response-file-analysis","format":"json","id":"1","results":{"parse":{"parsed":"[1,1,1,6,7,0,\"expr\",false,\"x <- 1\"],[1,1,1,1,1,3,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[1,1,1,1,3,7,\"expr\",false,\"x\"],[1,3,1,4,2,7,\"LEFT_ASSIGN\",true,\"<-\"],[1,6,1,6,4,5,\"NUM_CONST\",true,\"1\"],[1,6,1,6,5,7,\"expr\",false,\"1\"],[2,1,2,5,16,0,\"expr\",false,\"x + 1\"],[2,1,2,1,10,12,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[2,1,2,1,12,16,\"expr\",false,\"x\"],[2,3,2,3,11,16,\"'+'\",true,\"+\"],[2,5,2,5,13,14,\"NUM_CONST\",true,\"1\"],[2,5,2,5,14,16,\"expr\",false,\"1\"]",".meta":{"timing":5}},"normalize":{"ast":{"type":"RExpressionList","children":[{"type":"RBinaryOp","location":[1,3,1,4],"lhs":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[1,1,1,1],"content":"x","lexeme":"x","info":{"fullRange":[1,1,1,1],"additionalTokens":[],"id":0,"parent":2,"role":"binop-lhs","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-mKTS9pPKwIib-.R"}},"rhs":{"location":[1,6,1,6],"lexeme":"1","info":{"fullRange":[1,6,1,6],"additionalTokens":[],"id":1,"parent":2,"role":"binop-rhs","index":1,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-mKTS9pPKwIib-.R"},"type":"RNumber","content":{"num":1,"complexNumber":false,"markedAsInt":false}},"operator":"<-","lexeme":"<-","info":{"fullRange":[1,1,1,6],"additionalTokens":[],"id":2,"parent":6,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-mKTS9pPKwIib-.R","index":0,"role":"expr-list-child"}},{"type":"RBinaryOp","location":[2,3,2,3],"lhs":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[2,1,2,1],"content":"x","lexeme":"x","info":{"fullRange":[2,1,2,1],"additionalTokens":[],"id":3,"parent":5,"role":"binop-lhs","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-mKTS9pPKwIib-.R"}},"rhs":{"location":[2,5,2,5],"lexeme":"1","info":{"fullRange":[2,5,2,5],"additionalTokens":[],"id":4,"parent":5,"role":"binop-rhs","index":1,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-mKTS9pPKwIib-.R"},"type":"RNumber","content":{"num":1,"complexNumber":false,"markedAsInt":false}},"operator":"+","lexeme":"+","info":{"fullRange":[2,1,2,5],"additionalTokens":[],"id":5,"parent":6,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-mKTS9pPKwIib-.R","index":1,"role":"expr-list-child"}}],"info":{"additionalTokens":[],"id":6,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-mKTS9pPKwIib-.R","role":"root","index":0}},".meta":{"timing":3}},"dataflow":{"unknownReferences":[],"in":[{"nodeId":2,"name":"<-","type":2},{"nodeId":5,"name":"+","type":2}],"out":[{"nodeId":0,"name":"x","type":4,"definedAt":2,"value":[1]}],"environment":{"current":{"id":12,"parent":"<BuiltInEnvironment>","memory":[["x",[{"nodeId":0,"name":"x","type":4,"definedAt":2,"value":[1]}]]]},"level":0},"graph":{"_sourced":["/tmp/tmp-11174-mKTS9pPKwIib-.R"],"_unknownSideEffects":[],"rootVertices":[1,0,2,3,4,5],"vertexInformation":[[1,{"tag":"value","id":1}],[0,{"tag":"variable-definition","id":0}],[2,{"tag":"function-call","id":2,"name":"<-","onlyBuiltin":true,"args":[{"nodeId":0,"type":32},{"nodeId":1,"type":32}],"origin":["builtin:assignment"]}],[3,{"tag":"use","id":3}],[4,{"tag":"value","id":4}],[5,{"tag":"function-call","id":5,"name":"+","onlyBuiltin":true,"args":[{"nodeId":3,"type":32},{"nodeId":4,"type":32}],"origin":["builtin:default"]}]],"edgeInformation":[[2,[[1,{"types":64}],[0,{"types":72}],["built-in:<-",{"types":5}]]],[0,[[1,{"types":2}],[2,{"types":2}]]],[3,[[0,{"types":1}]]],[5,[[3,{"types":65}],[4,{"types":65}],["built-in:+",{"types":5}]]]]},"entryPoint":2,"exitPoints":[{"type":0,"nodeId":5}],".meta":{"timing":5}}}}

The complete round-trip took 19.7 ms (including time required to validate the messages, start, and stop the internal mock server).

You receive an error if, for whatever reason, the analysis fails (e.g., the message or code you sent contained syntax errors). It contains a human-readable description why the analysis failed (see the error message implementation for more details).

Example Error Message

Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.

The following lists all messages that were sent and received in case you want to reproduce the scenario:

hello (response)

Show Details

The first message is always a hello message.

{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}

request-file-analysis (request)

Show Details

{
  "type": "request-file-analysis",
  "id": "1",
  "filename": "sample.R",
  "content": "x <-"
}

error (response)

Show Details

{
  "id": "1",
  "type": "error",
  "fatal": false,
  "reason": "Error while analyzing file sample.R: GuardError: unable to parse R code (see the log for more information) for request {\"request\":\"file\",\"content\":\"/tmp/tmp-11174-jhOXQSgQnC1B-.R\"}}\n Report a Bug: https://github.com/flowr-analysis/flowr/issues/new?body=%3C!%2D%2D%20Please%20describe%20your%20issue%20in%20more%20detail%20below!%20%2D%2D%3E%0A%0A%0A%3C!%2D%2D%20Automatically%20generated%20issue%20metadata%2C%20please%20do%20not%20edit%20or%20delete%20content%20below%20this%20line%20%2D%2D%3E%0A%2D%2D%2D%0A%0AflowR%20version%3A%202.4.7%0Anode%20version%3A%20v22.14.0%0Anode%20arch%3A%20x64%0Anode%20platform%3A%20linux%0Amessage%3A%20%60unable%20to%20parse%20R%20code%20%28see%20the%20log%20for%20more%20information%29%20for%20request%20%7B%22request%22%3A%22file%22%2C%22content%22%3A%22%2Ftmp%2Ftmp%2D11174%2DjhOXQSgQnC1B%2D.R%22%7D%7D%60%0Astack%20trace%3A%0A%60%60%60%0A%20%20%20%20at%20guard%20%28%3C%3E%2Fsrc%2Futil%2Fassert.ts%3A75%3A9%29%0A%20%20%20%20at%20guardRetrievedOutput%20%28%3C%3E%2Fsrc%2Fr%2Dbridge%2Fretriever.ts%3A184%3A7%29%0A%20%20%20%20at%20%2Fhome%2Frunner%2Fwork%2Fflowr%2Fflowr%2Fsrc%2Fr%2Dbridge%2Fretriever.ts%3A148%3A4%0A%20%20%20%20at%20processTicksAndRejections%20%28node%3Ainternal%2Fprocess%2Ftask_queues%3A105%3A5%29%0A%20%20%20%20at%20async%20Object.parseRequests%20%5Bas%20processor%5D%20%28%3C%3E%2Fsrc%2Fr%2Dbridge%2Fparser.ts%3A58%3A18%29%0A%20%20%20%20at%20async%20PipelineExecutor.nextStep%20%28%3C%3E%2Fsrc%2Fcore%2Fpipeline%2Dexecutor.ts%3A200%3A25%29%0A%20%20%20%20at%20async%20PipelineExecutor.allRemainingSteps%20%28%3C%3E%2Fsrc%2Fcore%2Fpipeline%2Dexecutor.ts%3A259%3A4%29%0A%20%20%20%20at%20async%20FlowRServerConnection.handleFileAnalysisRequest%20%28%3C%3E%2Fsrc%2Fcli%2Frepl%2Fserver%2Fconnection.ts%3A152%3A3%29%0A%60%60%60%0A%0A%2D%2D%2D%0A%09"
}

The complete round-trip took 8.3 ms (including time required to validate the messages, start, and stop the internal mock server).

Including the Control Flow Graph

While flowR does (for the time being) not use an explicit control flow graph but instead relies on control-dependency edges within the dataflow graph, the respective structure can still be exposed using the server (note that, as this feature is not needed within flowR, it is tested significantly less - so please create a new issue for any bug you may encounter). For this, the analysis request may add cfg: true to its list of options.

Requesting a Control Flow Graph

Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.

The following lists all messages that were sent and received in case you want to reproduce the scenario:

hello (response)

Show Details

The first message is always a hello message.

{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}

request-file-analysis (request)

Show Details

{
  "type": "request-file-analysis",
  "id": "1",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "content": "if(unknown > 0) { x <- 2 } else { x <- 5 }\nfor(i in 1:x) { print(x); print(i) }",
  "cfg": true
}

response-file-analysis (response)

Show Details

The response looks basically the same as a response sent without the cfg flag. However, additionally it contains a cfg field. If you are interested in a visual representation of the control flow graph, see the visualization with mermaid.

As the code is pretty long, we inhibit pretty printing and syntax highlighting (JSON, hiding built-in):

{"type":"response-file-analysis","format":"json","id":"1","cfg":{"returns":[],"entryPoints":[32],"exitPoints":["32-exit"],"breaks":[],"nexts":[],"graph":{"rootVertices":[32,15,"15-exit",0,1,2,"2-exit",8,5,6,7,"7-exit","8-exit",14,11,12,13,"13-exit","14-exit",16,31,17,18,19,"19-exit",30,22,25,"25-exit",24,23,"24-exit",26,29,"29-exit",28,27,"28-exit","30-exit","31-exit","32-exit"],"vertexInformation":[[32,{"id":32,"type":"expr","end":["32-exit"]}],[15,{"id":15,"type":"stm","mid":["2-exit"],"end":["15-exit"]}],["15-exit",{"id":"15-exit","type":"end","root":15}],[0,{"id":0,"type":"expr"}],[1,{"id":1,"type":"expr"}],[2,{"id":2,"type":"expr","end":["2-exit"]}],["2-exit",{"id":"2-exit","type":"end","root":2}],[8,{"id":8,"type":"expr","end":["8-exit"]}],[5,{"id":5,"type":"expr"}],[6,{"id":6,"type":"expr"}],[7,{"id":7,"type":"expr","end":["7-exit"]}],["7-exit",{"id":"7-exit","type":"end","root":7}],["8-exit",{"id":"8-exit","type":"end","root":8}],[14,{"id":14,"type":"expr","end":["14-exit"]}],[11,{"id":11,"type":"expr"}],[12,{"id":12,"type":"expr"}],[13,{"id":13,"type":"expr","end":["13-exit"]}],["13-exit",{"id":"13-exit","type":"end","root":13}],["14-exit",{"id":"14-exit","type":"end","root":14}],[16,{"id":16,"type":"expr"}],[31,{"id":31,"type":"stm","end":["31-exit"],"mid":[16]}],[17,{"id":17,"type":"expr"}],[18,{"id":18,"type":"expr"}],[19,{"id":19,"type":"expr","end":["19-exit"]}],["19-exit",{"id":"19-exit","type":"end","root":19}],[30,{"id":30,"type":"expr","end":["30-exit"]}],[22,{"id":22,"type":"expr"}],[25,{"id":25,"type":"stm","mid":[22],"end":["25-exit"]}],["25-exit",{"id":"25-exit","type":"end","root":25}],[24,{"id":24,"type":"expr","mid":[24],"end":["24-exit"]}],[23,{"id":23,"type":"expr"}],["24-exit",{"id":"24-exit","type":"end","root":24}],[26,{"id":26,"type":"expr"}],[29,{"id":29,"type":"stm","mid":[26],"end":["29-exit"]}],["29-exit",{"id":"29-exit","type":"end","root":29}],[28,{"id":28,"type":"expr","mid":[28],"end":["28-exit"]}],[27,{"id":27,"type":"expr"}],["28-exit",{"id":"28-exit","type":"end","root":28}],["30-exit",{"id":"30-exit","type":"end","root":30}],["31-exit",{"id":"31-exit","type":"end","root":31}],["32-exit",{"id":"32-exit","type":"end","root":32}]],"bbChildren":[],"edgeInformation":[[15,[[32,{"label":0}]]],[1,[[0,{"label":0}]]],[0,[[2,{"label":0}]]],["2-exit",[[1,{"label":0}]]],[7,[[8,{"label":0}]]],[6,[[5,{"label":0}]]],[5,[[7,{"label":0}]]],["7-exit",[[6,{"label":0}]]],["8-exit",[["7-exit",{"label":0}]]],[13,[[14,{"label":0}]]],[12,[[11,{"label":0}]]],[11,[[13,{"label":0}]]],["13-exit",[[12,{"label":0}]]],["14-exit",[["13-exit",{"label":0}]]],[8,[["2-exit",{"label":1,"when":"TRUE","caused":15}]]],[14,[["2-exit",{"label":1,"when":"FALSE","caused":15}]]],[2,[[15,{"label":0}]]],["15-exit",[["8-exit",{"label":0}],["14-exit",{"label":0}]]],[31,[["15-exit",{"label":0}],["30-exit",{"label":0}]]],[18,[[17,{"label":0}]]],[17,[[19,{"label":0}]]],["19-exit",[[18,{"label":0}]]],[25,[[30,{"label":0}]]],[22,[[25,{"label":0}]]],[23,[[24,{"label":0}]]],["24-exit",[[23,{"label":0}]]],[24,[[22,{"label":0}]]],["25-exit",[["24-exit",{"label":0}]]],[29,[["25-exit",{"label":0}]]],[26,[[29,{"label":0}]]],[27,[[28,{"label":0}]]],["28-exit",[[27,{"label":0}]]],[28,[[26,{"label":0}]]],["29-exit",[["28-exit",{"label":0}]]],["30-exit",[["29-exit",{"label":0}]]],[19,[[31,{"label":0}]]],[16,[["19-exit",{"label":0}]]],[30,[[16,{"label":1,"when":"TRUE","caused":31}]]],["31-exit",[[16,{"label":1,"when":"FALSE","caused":31}]]],["32-exit",[["31-exit",{"label":0}]]]],"_mayHaveBasicBlocks":false}},"results":{"parse":{"parsed":"[1,1,1,42,38,0,\"expr\",false,\"if(unknown 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The complete round-trip took 10.1 ms (including time required to validate the messages, start, and stop the internal mock server).

Retrieve the Output as RDF N-Quads

The default response is formatted as JSON. However, by specifying format: "n-quads", you can retrieve the individual results (e.g., the Normalized AST), as RDF N-Quads. This works with and without the control flow graph as described above.

Requesting RDF N-Quads

Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.

The following lists all messages that were sent and received in case you want to reproduce the scenario:

hello (response)

Show Details

The first message is always a hello message.

{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}

request-file-analysis (request)

Show Details

{
  "type": "request-file-analysis",
  "id": "1",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "content": "x <- 1\nx + 1",
  "format": "n-quads",
  "cfg": true
}

response-file-analysis (response)

Show Details

Please note, that the base message format is still JSON. Only the individual results get converted. While the context is derived from the filename, we currently offer no way to customize other parts of the quads (please open a new issue if you require this).

As the code is pretty long, we inhibit pretty printing and syntax highlighting (JSON, hiding built-in):

{"type":"response-file-analysis","format":"n-quads","id":"1","cfg":"<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"2-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"5-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"6-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"2-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"5-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"6-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"2-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"2-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"5-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"6-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"5-exit\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/entryPoints> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/exitPoints> \"6-exit\" <unknown> .\n","results":{"parse":"<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"exprlist\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"7\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"expr\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"false\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"x <- 1\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"7\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"expr\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"false\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"x\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"SYMBOL\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"x\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"7\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"LEFT_ASSIGN\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"<-\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"7\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"expr\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"false\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"1\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"NUM_CONST\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"1\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"16\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"expr\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"false\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"x + 1\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"12\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"16\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"expr\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"false\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"x\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"10\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"12\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"SYMBOL\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"x\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"11\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"16\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"+\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"+\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"14\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"16\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"expr\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"false\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"1\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"13\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/parent> \"14\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/token> \"NUM_CONST\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/text> \"1\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/terminal> \"false\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n","normalize":"<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RExpressionList\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RBinaryOp\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lhs> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RSymbol\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/content> \"x\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"x\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rhs> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"1\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RNumber\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/content> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/num> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/operator> \"<-\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"<-\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RBinaryOp\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lhs> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RSymbol\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/content> \"x\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"x\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rhs> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"1\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RNumber\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/content> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/num> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/operator> \"+\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"+\" <unknown> .\n","dataflow":"<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"value\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"variable-definition\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"function-call\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"<-\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/onlyBuiltin> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/args> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/nodeId> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"32\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/args> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/nodeId> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"32\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/origin> \"builtin:assignment\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"use\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"value\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"function-call\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"+\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/onlyBuiltin> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/args> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/nodeId> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"32\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/args> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/nodeId> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"32\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/origin> \"builtin:default\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"argument\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"returns\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"argument\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"built-in:<-\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"reads\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"calls\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"defined-by\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"defined-by\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"reads\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"reads\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"argument\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"reads\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"argument\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"built-in:+\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"reads\" <unknown> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/unknown/19> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"calls\" <unknown> .\n"}}

The complete round-trip took 7.2 ms (including time required to validate the messages, start, and stop the internal mock server).

Retrieve the Output in a Compacted Form

The default response is formatted as JSON. But this can get very big quickly. By specifying format: "compact", you can retrieve the results heavily compacted (using lz-string). This works with and without the control flow graph as described above.

Requesting Compacted Results

Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.

The following lists all messages that were sent and received in case you want to reproduce the scenario:

hello (response)

Show Details

The first message is always a hello message.

{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}

request-file-analysis (request)

Show Details

{
  "type": "request-file-analysis",
  "id": "1",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "content": "x <- 1\nx + 1",
  "format": "compact",
  "cfg": true
}

response-file-analysis (response)

Show Details

Please note, that the base message format is still JSON. Only the individual results are printed as binary objects.

As the code is pretty long, we inhibit pretty printing and syntax highlighting (JSON, hiding built-in):

{"type":"response-file-analysis","format":"compact","id":"1","cfg":"ᯡ࠳䅬̀坐ᶡ乀஠洢琣℥犸ŜHߐএ妔Ǔ㗠ߙ⣬啕㑡偍Ɇ傧値㒠ࢀඁ潾࿛⩬ᰡ暁∠ᰠ⵲䆥ᕅ-ℬਖ਼�Ю᩸8堢ᣐŐ牝砂֠ᦫ+ଠ⬮῭泡猁Ы栠湦⡞D帠ڊ⌠˺䑭┐祔ᗈᲠʊ䋑Ţॴ჈䙵ᠸ⼸庮అҀƝ墈嬢掍䳂啲䇋咕ヰ๝吧㾅㫏䭲Ի⍚♱乓䈁綜ᇓ䬂沪ⲣ矼壋推墙㚈ヶ৳櫂Ჷ廋漭峣Ɖ㠊尐综弱又્Ġ⮃䇼䶀䄈ᄽン崈䚤㢋厇㤀༡ԯ焼㱘ⴂĵ唢㔁ڃ恽ܳₕ䉁,ᝳ䠠ශ⤡旰稤ࡴ⡀䒪⺴旨泎ⴃℒ≫ᩂࡀᚊඃ博ܤ己ǅ妜劤⩐嵸殀䩶畬坈⪵ㆥ桨䩆掆嚍橡ㆾ榒䩭⵮埋ℜঋ殍ᯕ獺฀䭡㾛堹qĳ尓ࠍ侓⪐䭃ឈǏ穝㵨'梅Рɴ↨b兂چᙹ剉䥅₲儫ᢠ䃺㚰  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 "}

The complete round-trip took 48.0 ms (including time required to validate the messages, start, and stop the internal mock server).

Message schema (request-file-analysis)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-analysis.ts.

. object
- type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'request-file-analysis'
- id string [optional] You may pass an id to link requests with responses (they get the same id).
- filetoken string [optional] A unique token to identify the file for subsequent requests. Only use this if you plan to send more queries!
- filename string [optional] A human-readable name of the file, only for debugging purposes.
- content string [optional] The content of the file or an R expression (either give this or the filepath).
- filepath alternatives [optional] The path to the file(s) on the local machine (either give this or the content).
  - . string
  - . array Valid item types:
    - . string
- cfg boolean [optional] If you want to extract the control flow information of the file.
- format string [optional] The format of the results, if missing we assume json. Allows only the values: 'json', 'n-quads', 'compact'

Message schema (response-file-analysis)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-analysis.ts.

. alternatives [required] The response to a file analysis request (based on the format field).
- . object The response in JSON format.
  - type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'response-file-analysis'
  - id string [optional] The id of the message, if you passed one in the request.
  - format string [required] The format of the results in json format. Allows only the values: 'json'
  - results object [required] The results of the analysis (one field per step).
  - cfg object [optional] The control flow information of the file, only present if requested.
- . object The response as n-quads.
  - type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'response-file-analysis'
  - id string [optional] The id of the message, if you passed one in the request.
  - format string [required] The format of the results in n-quads format. Allows only the values: 'n-quads'
  - results object [required] The results of the analysis (one field per step). Quads are presented as string.
  - cfg string [optional] The control flow information of the file, only present if requested.
- . object
  - type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'response-file-analysis'
  - id string [optional] The id of the message, if you passed one in the request.
  - format string [required] The format of the results in bson format. Allows only the values: 'bson'
  - results string [required] The results of the analysis (one field per step).
  - cfg string [optional] The control flow information of the file, only present if requested.

Slice Message (request-slice)

View Details. (deprecated) The server slices a file based on the given criteria.

sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    participant Client
    participant Server

    
    Client->>+Server: request-slice

    alt
        Server-->>Client: response-slice
    else
        Server-->>Client: error
    end
    deactivate  Server

We deprecated the slice request in favor of the static-slice Query.

To slice, you have to send a file analysis request first. The filetoken you assign is of use here as you can re-use it to repeatedly slice the same file. Besides that, you only need to add an array of slicing criteria, using one of the formats described on the terminology wiki page (however, instead of using ;, you can simply pass separate array elements). See the implementation of the request-slice message for more information.

Additionally, you may pass "noMagicComments": true to disable the automatic selection of elements based on magic comments (see below).

Example of the request-slice Message

Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.

The following lists all messages that were sent and received in case you want to reproduce the scenario:

hello (response)

Show Details

The first message is always a hello message.

{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}

request-file-analysis (request)
Show Details

Let's assume you want to slice the following script:
```
x <- 1
x + 1
```
For this we first request the analysis, using a filetoken of x to slice the file in the next request.
```
{
  "type": "request-file-analysis",
  "id": "1",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "content": "x <- 1\nx + 1"
}
```

response-file-analysis (response)

Show Details

See above for the general structure of the response.

As the code is pretty long, we inhibit pretty printing and syntax highlighting (JSON, hiding built-in):

{"type":"response-file-analysis","format":"json","id":"1","results":{"parse":{"parsed":"[1,1,1,6,7,0,\"expr\",false,\"x <- 1\"],[1,1,1,1,1,3,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[1,1,1,1,3,7,\"expr\",false,\"x\"],[1,3,1,4,2,7,\"LEFT_ASSIGN\",true,\"<-\"],[1,6,1,6,4,5,\"NUM_CONST\",true,\"1\"],[1,6,1,6,5,7,\"expr\",false,\"1\"],[2,1,2,5,16,0,\"expr\",false,\"x + 1\"],[2,1,2,1,10,12,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[2,1,2,1,12,16,\"expr\",false,\"x\"],[2,3,2,3,11,16,\"'+'\",true,\"+\"],[2,5,2,5,13,14,\"NUM_CONST\",true,\"1\"],[2,5,2,5,14,16,\"expr\",false,\"1\"]",".meta":{"timing":7}},"normalize":{"ast":{"type":"RExpressionList","children":[{"type":"RBinaryOp","location":[1,3,1,4],"lhs":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[1,1,1,1],"content":"x","lexeme":"x","info":{"fullRange":[1,1,1,1],"additionalTokens":[],"id":0,"parent":2,"role":"binop-lhs","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-yiKVZMLA6v3b-.R"}},"rhs":{"location":[1,6,1,6],"lexeme":"1","info":{"fullRange":[1,6,1,6],"additionalTokens":[],"id":1,"parent":2,"role":"binop-rhs","index":1,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-yiKVZMLA6v3b-.R"},"type":"RNumber","content":{"num":1,"complexNumber":false,"markedAsInt":false}},"operator":"<-","lexeme":"<-","info":{"fullRange":[1,1,1,6],"additionalTokens":[],"id":2,"parent":6,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-yiKVZMLA6v3b-.R","index":0,"role":"expr-list-child"}},{"type":"RBinaryOp","location":[2,3,2,3],"lhs":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[2,1,2,1],"content":"x","lexeme":"x","info":{"fullRange":[2,1,2,1],"additionalTokens":[],"id":3,"parent":5,"role":"binop-lhs","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-yiKVZMLA6v3b-.R"}},"rhs":{"location":[2,5,2,5],"lexeme":"1","info":{"fullRange":[2,5,2,5],"additionalTokens":[],"id":4,"parent":5,"role":"binop-rhs","index":1,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-yiKVZMLA6v3b-.R"},"type":"RNumber","content":{"num":1,"complexNumber":false,"markedAsInt":false}},"operator":"+","lexeme":"+","info":{"fullRange":[2,1,2,5],"additionalTokens":[],"id":5,"parent":6,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-yiKVZMLA6v3b-.R","index":1,"role":"expr-list-child"}}],"info":{"additionalTokens":[],"id":6,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-yiKVZMLA6v3b-.R","role":"root","index":0}},".meta":{"timing":0}},"dataflow":{"unknownReferences":[],"in":[{"nodeId":2,"name":"<-","type":2},{"nodeId":5,"name":"+","type":2}],"out":[{"nodeId":0,"name":"x","type":4,"definedAt":2,"value":[1]}],"environment":{"current":{"id":131,"parent":"<BuiltInEnvironment>","memory":[["x",[{"nodeId":0,"name":"x","type":4,"definedAt":2,"value":[1]}]]]},"level":0},"graph":{"_sourced":["/tmp/tmp-11174-yiKVZMLA6v3b-.R"],"_unknownSideEffects":[],"rootVertices":[1,0,2,3,4,5],"vertexInformation":[[1,{"tag":"value","id":1}],[0,{"tag":"variable-definition","id":0}],[2,{"tag":"function-call","id":2,"name":"<-","onlyBuiltin":true,"args":[{"nodeId":0,"type":32},{"nodeId":1,"type":32}],"origin":["builtin:assignment"]}],[3,{"tag":"use","id":3}],[4,{"tag":"value","id":4}],[5,{"tag":"function-call","id":5,"name":"+","onlyBuiltin":true,"args":[{"nodeId":3,"type":32},{"nodeId":4,"type":32}],"origin":["builtin:default"]}]],"edgeInformation":[[2,[[1,{"types":64}],[0,{"types":72}],["built-in:<-",{"types":5}]]],[0,[[1,{"types":2}],[2,{"types":2}]]],[3,[[0,{"types":1}]]],[5,[[3,{"types":65}],[4,{"types":65}],["built-in:+",{"types":5}]]]]},"entryPoint":2,"exitPoints":[{"type":0,"nodeId":5}],".meta":{"timing":1}}}}

request-slice (request)
Show Details

Of course, the second slice criterion 2:1 is redundant for the input, as they refer to the same variable. It is only for demonstration purposes.
```
{
  "type": "request-slice",
  "id": "2",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "criterion": [
    "2@x",
    "2:1"
  ]
}
```

response-slice (response)

Show Details

The results field of the response contains two keys of importance:

slice: which contains the result of the slicing (e.g., the ids included in the slice in result).
reconstruct: contains the reconstructed code, as well as additional meta information. The automatically selected lines correspond to additional filters (e.g., magic comments) which force the unconditiojnal inclusion of certain elements.

{
  "type": "response-slice",
  "id": "2",
  "results": {
    "slice": {
      "timesHitThreshold": 0,
      "result": [
        3,
        0,
        1,
        2,
        "built-in:<-"
      ],
      "decodedCriteria": [
        {
          "criterion": "2@x",
          "id": 3
        },
        {
          "criterion": "2:1",
          "id": 3
        }
      ],
      ".meta": {
        "timing": 2
      }
    },
    "reconstruct": {
      "code": "x <- 1\nx",
      "linesWithAutoSelected": 0,
      ".meta": {
        "timing": 1
      }
    }
  }
}

The complete round-trip took 16.9 ms (including time required to validate the messages, start, and stop the internal mock server).

The semantics of the error message are similar. If, for example, the slicing criterion is invalid or the filetoken is unknown, flowR will respond with an error.

Magic Comments

Within a document that is to be sliced, you can use magic comments to influence the slicing process:

# flowr@include_next_line will cause the next line to be included, independent of if it is important for the slice.
# flowr@include_this_line will cause the current line to be included, independent of if it is important for the slice.
# flowr@include_start and # flowr@include_end will cause the lines between them to be included, independent of if they are important for the slice. These magic comments can be nested but should appear on a separate line.

Message schema (request-slice)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-slice.ts.

. object
- type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'request-slice'
- id string [optional] The id of the message, if you passed one in the request.
- filetoken string [required] The filetoken of the file to slice must be the same as with the analysis request.
- criterion array [required] The slicing criteria to use. Valid item types:
  - . string

Message schema (response-slice)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-slice.ts.

. object The response to a slice request.
- type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'response-slice'
- id string [optional] The id of the message, if you passed one in the request.
- results object [required] The results of the slice (one field per step slicing step).

REPL Message (request-repl-execution)

View Details. Access the read evaluate print loop of flowR.

sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    participant Client
    participant Server

    
    Client->>+Server: request-repl-execution

    alt
        Server-->>Client: error
    else

    loop
        Server-->>Client: response-repl-execution
    end
        Server-->>Client: end-repl-execution

    end

    deactivate  Server

[!WARNING] To execute arbitrary R commands with a request, the server has to be started explicitly with --r-session-access. Please be aware that this introduces a security risk.

The REPL execution message allows to send a REPL command to receive its output. For more on the REPL, see the introduction, or the description below. You only have to pass the command you want to execute in the expression field. Furthermore, you can set the ansi field to true if you are interested in output formatted using ANSI escape codes. We strongly recommend you to make use of the id field to link answers with requests as you can theoretically request the execution of multiple scripts at the same time, which then happens in parallel.

[!WARNING] There is currently no automatic sandboxing or safeguarding against such requests. They simply execute the respective R code on your machine. Please be very careful (and do not use --r-session-access if you are unsure).

The answer on such a request is different from the other messages as the response-repl-execution message may be sent multiple times. This allows to better handle requests that require more time but already output intermediate results. You can detect the end of the execution by receiving the end-repl-execution message.

The semantics of the error message are similar to that of the other messages.

Example of the request-slice Message

Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.

The following lists all messages that were sent and received in case you want to reproduce the scenario:

hello (response)

Show Details

The first message is always a hello message.

{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}

request-repl-execution (request)

Show Details

{
  "type": "request-repl-execution",
  "id": "1",
  "expression": ":help"
}

response-repl-execution (response)

Show Details

The stream field (either stdout or stderr) informs you of the output's origin: either the standard output or the standard error channel. After this message follows the end marker.

Pretty-Printed Result

If enabled ('--r-session-access' and if using the 'r-shell' engine), you can just enter R expressions which get evaluated right away:
R> 1 + 1
[1] 2

Besides that, you can use the following commands. The scripts can accept further arguments. In general, those ending with [*] may be called with and without the star. 
There are the following basic commands:
  :controlflow[*]     Get mermaid code for the control-flow graph of R code, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :cfg, :cf)
  :controlflowbb[*]   Get mermaid code for the control-flow graph with basic blocks, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :cfgb, :cfb)
  :dataflow[*]        Get mermaid code for the dataflow graph, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :d, :df)
  :dataflowsimple[*]  Get mermaid code for the simplified dataflow graph, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :ds, :dfs)
  :execute            Execute the given code as R code (essentially similar to using now command). This requires the `--r-session-access` flag to be set and requires the r-shell engine. (aliases: :e, :r)
  :help               Show help information (aliases: :h, :?)
  :lineage            Get the lineage of an R object (alias: :lin)
  :normalize[*]       Get mermaid code for the normalized AST of R code, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (alias: :n)
  :parse              Prints ASCII Art of the parsed, unmodified AST, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (alias: :p)
  :query[*]           Query the given R code, start with 'file://' to indicate a file. The query is to be a valid query in json format (use 'help' to get more information). (star: Similar to query, but returns the output in json format.)
  :quit               End the repl (aliases: :q, :exit)
  :version            Prints the version of flowR as well as the current version of R

Furthermore, you can directly call the following scripts which accept arguments. If you are unsure, try to add --help after the command.
  :benchmark          Benchmark the static backwards slicer
  :export-quads       Export quads of the normalized AST of a given R code file
  :slicer             Static backwards executable slicer for R
  :stats              Generate usage Statistics for R scripts
  :summarizer         Summarize the results of the benchmark

You can combine commands by separating them with a semicolon ;.

{
  "type": "response-repl-execution",
  "id": "1",
  "result": "\nIf enabled ('--r-session-access' and if using the 'r-shell' engine), you can just enter R expressions which get evaluated right away:\nR> 1 + 1\n[1] 2\n\nBesides that, you can use the following commands. The scripts can accept further arguments. In general, those ending with [*] may be called with and without the star. \nThere are the following basic commands:\n  :controlflow[*]     Get mermaid code for the control-flow graph of R code, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :cfg, :cf)\n  :controlflowbb[*]   Get mermaid code for the control-flow graph with basic blocks, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :cfgb, :cfb)\n  :dataflow[*]        Get mermaid code for the dataflow graph, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :d, :df)\n  :dataflowsimple[*]  Get mermaid code for the simplified dataflow graph, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :ds, :dfs)\n  :execute            Execute the given code as R code (essentially similar to using now command). This requires the `--r-session-access` flag to be set and requires the r-shell engine. (aliases: :e, :r)\n  :help               Show help information (aliases: :h, :?)\n  :lineage            Get the lineage of an R object (alias: :lin)\n  :normalize[*]       Get mermaid code for the normalized AST of R code, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (alias: :n)\n  :parse              Prints ASCII Art of the parsed, unmodified AST, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (alias: :p)\n  :query[*]           Query the given R code, start with 'file://' to indicate a file. The query is to be a valid query in json format (use 'help' to get more information). (star: Similar to query, but returns the output in json format.)\n  :quit               End the repl (aliases: :q, :exit)\n  :version            Prints the version of flowR as well as the current version of R\n\nFurthermore, you can directly call the following scripts which accept arguments. If you are unsure, try to add --help after the command.\n  :benchmark          Benchmark the static backwards slicer\n  :export-quads       Export quads of the normalized AST of a given R code file\n  :slicer             Static backwards executable slicer for R\n  :stats              Generate usage Statistics for R scripts\n  :summarizer         Summarize the results of the benchmark\n\nYou can combine commands by separating them with a semicolon ;.\n",
  "stream": "stdout"
}

end-repl-execution (response)

Show Details

{
  "type": "end-repl-execution",
  "id": "1"
}

The complete round-trip took 1.8 ms (including time required to validate the messages, start, and stop the internal mock server).

Message schema (request-repl-execution)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-repl.ts.

. object
- type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'request-repl-execution'
- id string [optional] The id of the message, will be the same for the request.
- ansi boolean [optional] Should ansi formatting be enabled for the response? Is false by default.
- expression string [required] The expression to execute.

Message schema (response-repl-execution)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-repl.ts.

. object
- type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'response-repl-execution'
- id string [optional] The id of the message, will be the same for the request.
- stream string [required] The stream the message is from. Allows only the values: 'stdout', 'stderr'
- result string [required] The output of the execution.

Message schema (end-repl-execution)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-repl.ts.

. object
- type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'end-repl-execution'
- id string [optional] The id of the message, will be the same for the request.

Query Message (request-query)

View Details. Query an analysis result for specific information.

sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    participant Client
    participant Server

    
    Client->>+Server: request-query

    alt
        Server-->>Client: response-query
    else
        Server-->>Client: error
    end
    deactivate  Server

To send queries, you have to send an analysis request first. The filetoken you assign is of use here as you can re-use it to repeatedly query the same file. This message provides direct access to flowR's Query API. Please consult the Query API documentation for more information.

Example of the request-query Message

Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.

The following lists all messages that were sent and received in case you want to reproduce the scenario:

hello (response)

Show Details

The first message is always a hello message.

{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}

request-file-analysis (request)

Show Details

Let's assume you want to query the following script:

library(ggplot)
library(dplyr)
library(readr)

# read data with read_csv
data <- read_csv('data.csv')
data2 <- read_csv('data2.csv')

m <- mean(data$x) 
print(m)

data %>%
	ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) +
	geom_point()
	
plot(data2$x, data2$y)
points(data2$x, data2$y)
	
print(mean(data2$k))

.

For this we first request the analysis, using a dummy filetoken of x to slice the file in the next request.

{
  "type": "request-file-analysis",
  "id": "1",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "content": "library(ggplot)\nlibrary(dplyr)\nlibrary(readr)\n\n# read data with read_csv\ndata <- read_csv('data.csv')\ndata2 <- read_csv('data2.csv')\n\nm <- mean(data$x) \nprint(m)\n\ndata %>%\n\tggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) +\n\tgeom_point()\n\t\nplot(data2$x, data2$y)\npoints(data2$x, data2$y)\n\t\nprint(mean(data2$k))"
}

response-file-analysis (response)

Show Details

See above for the general structure of the response.

As the code is pretty long, we inhibit pretty printing and syntax highlighting (JSON, hiding built-in):

{"type":"response-file-analysis","format":"json","id":"1","results":{"parse":{"parsed":"[1,1,1,15,10,0,\"expr\",false,\"library(ggplot)\"],[1,1,1,7,1,3,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"library\"],[1,1,1,7,3,10,\"expr\",false,\"library\"],[1,8,1,8,2,10,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[1,9,1,14,4,6,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"ggplot\"],[1,9,1,14,6,10,\"expr\",false,\"ggplot\"],[1,15,1,15,5,10,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[2,1,2,14,23,0,\"expr\",false,\"library(dplyr)\"],[2,1,2,7,14,16,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"library\"],[2,1,2,7,16,23,\"expr\",false,\"library\"],[2,8,2,8,15,23,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[2,9,2,13,17,19,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"dplyr\"],[2,9,2,13,19,23,\"expr\",false,\"dplyr\"],[2,14,2,14,18,23,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[3,1,3,14,36,0,\"expr\",false,\"library(readr)\"],[3,1,3,7,27,29,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"library\"],[3,1,3,7,29,36,\"expr\",false,\"library\"],[3,8,3,8,28,36,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[3,9,3,13,30,32,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"readr\"],[3,9,3,13,32,36,\"expr\",false,\"readr\"],[3,14,3,14,31,36,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[5,1,5,25,42,-59,\"COMMENT\",true,\"# read data with read_csv\"],[6,1,6,28,59,0,\"expr\",false,\"data <- read_csv('data.csv')\"],[6,1,6,4,45,47,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"data\"],[6,1,6,4,47,59,\"expr\",false,\"data\"],[6,6,6,7,46,59,\"LEFT_ASSIGN\",true,\"<-\"],[6,9,6,28,57,59,\"expr\",false,\"read_csv('data.csv')\"],[6,9,6,16,48,50,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"read_csv\"],[6,9,6,16,50,57,\"expr\",false,\"read_csv\"],[6,17,6,17,49,57,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[6,18,6,27,51,53,\"STR_CONST\",true,\"'data.csv'\"],[6,18,6,27,53,57,\"expr\",false,\"'data.csv'\"],[6,28,6,28,52,57,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[7,1,7,30,76,0,\"expr\",false,\"data2 <- read_csv('data2.csv')\"],[7,1,7,5,62,64,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"data2\"],[7,1,7,5,64,76,\"expr\",false,\"data2\"],[7,7,7,8,63,76,\"LEFT_ASSIGN\",true,\"<-\"],[7,10,7,30,74,76,\"expr\",false,\"read_csv('data2.csv')\"],[7,10,7,17,65,67,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"read_csv\"],[7,10,7,17,67,74,\"expr\",false,\"read_csv\"],[7,18,7,18,66,74,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[7,19,7,29,68,70,\"STR_CONST\",true,\"'data2.csv'\"],[7,19,7,29,70,74,\"expr\",false,\"'data2.csv'\"],[7,30,7,30,69,74,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[9,1,9,17,98,0,\"expr\",false,\"m <- mean(data$x)\"],[9,1,9,1,81,83,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"m\"],[9,1,9,1,83,98,\"expr\",false,\"m\"],[9,3,9,4,82,98,\"LEFT_ASSIGN\",true,\"<-\"],[9,6,9,17,96,98,\"expr\",false,\"mean(data$x)\"],[9,6,9,9,84,86,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"mean\"],[9,6,9,9,86,96,\"expr\",false,\"mean\"],[9,10,9,10,85,96,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[9,11,9,16,91,96,\"expr\",false,\"data$x\"],[9,11,9,14,87,89,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"data\"],[9,11,9,14,89,91,\"expr\",false,\"data\"],[9,15,9,15,88,91,\"'$'\",true,\"$\"],[9,16,9,16,90,91,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[9,17,9,17,92,96,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[10,1,10,8,110,0,\"expr\",false,\"print(m)\"],[10,1,10,5,101,103,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"print\"],[10,1,10,5,103,110,\"expr\",false,\"print\"],[10,6,10,6,102,110,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[10,7,10,7,104,106,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"m\"],[10,7,10,7,106,110,\"expr\",false,\"m\"],[10,8,10,8,105,110,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[12,1,14,20,158,0,\"expr\",false,\"data %>%\\n\\tggplot(aes(x = x, y = y)) +\\n\\tgeom_point()\"],[12,1,13,33,149,158,\"expr\",false,\"data %>%\\n\\tggplot(aes(x = x, y = y))\"],[12,1,12,4,116,118,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"data\"],[12,1,12,4,118,149,\"expr\",false,\"data\"],[12,6,12,8,117,149,\"SPECIAL\",true,\"%>%\"],[13,9,13,33,147,149,\"expr\",false,\"ggplot(aes(x = x, y = y))\"],[13,9,13,14,120,122,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"ggplot\"],[13,9,13,14,122,147,\"expr\",false,\"ggplot\"],[13,15,13,15,121,147,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[13,16,13,32,142,147,\"expr\",false,\"aes(x = x, y = y)\"],[13,16,13,18,123,125,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"aes\"],[13,16,13,18,125,142,\"expr\",false,\"aes\"],[13,19,13,19,124,142,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[13,20,13,20,126,142,\"SYMBOL_SUB\",true,\"x\"],[13,22,13,22,127,142,\"EQ_SUB\",true,\"=\"],[13,24,13,24,128,130,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[13,24,13,24,130,142,\"expr\",false,\"x\"],[13,25,13,25,129,142,\"','\",true,\",\"],[13,27,13,27,134,142,\"SYMBOL_SUB\",true,\"y\"],[13,29,13,29,135,142,\"EQ_SUB\",true,\"=\"],[13,31,13,31,136,138,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"y\"],[13,31,13,31,138,142,\"expr\",false,\"y\"],[13,32,13,32,137,142,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[13,33,13,33,143,147,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[13,35,13,35,148,158,\"'+'\",true,\"+\"],[14,9,14,20,156,158,\"expr\",false,\"geom_point()\"],[14,9,14,18,151,153,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"geom_point\"],[14,9,14,18,153,156,\"expr\",false,\"geom_point\"],[14,19,14,19,152,156,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[14,20,14,20,154,156,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[16,1,16,22,184,0,\"expr\",false,\"plot(data2$x, data2$y)\"],[16,1,16,4,163,165,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"plot\"],[16,1,16,4,165,184,\"expr\",false,\"plot\"],[16,5,16,5,164,184,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[16,6,16,12,170,184,\"expr\",false,\"data2$x\"],[16,6,16,10,166,168,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"data2\"],[16,6,16,10,168,170,\"expr\",false,\"data2\"],[16,11,16,11,167,170,\"'$'\",true,\"$\"],[16,12,16,12,169,170,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[16,13,16,13,171,184,\"','\",true,\",\"],[16,15,16,21,179,184,\"expr\",false,\"data2$y\"],[16,15,16,19,175,177,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"data2\"],[16,15,16,19,177,179,\"expr\",false,\"data2\"],[16,20,16,20,176,179,\"'$'\",true,\"$\"],[16,21,16,21,178,179,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"y\"],[16,22,16,22,180,184,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[17,1,17,24,209,0,\"expr\",false,\"points(data2$x, data2$y)\"],[17,1,17,6,188,190,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"points\"],[17,1,17,6,190,209,\"expr\",false,\"points\"],[17,7,17,7,189,209,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[17,8,17,14,195,209,\"expr\",false,\"data2$x\"],[17,8,17,12,191,193,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"data2\"],[17,8,17,12,193,195,\"expr\",false,\"data2\"],[17,13,17,13,192,195,\"'$'\",true,\"$\"],[17,14,17,14,194,195,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[17,15,17,15,196,209,\"','\",true,\",\"],[17,17,17,23,204,209,\"expr\",false,\"data2$y\"],[17,17,17,21,200,202,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"data2\"],[17,17,17,21,202,204,\"expr\",false,\"data2\"],[17,22,17,22,201,204,\"'$'\",true,\"$\"],[17,23,17,23,203,204,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"y\"],[17,24,17,24,205,209,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[19,1,19,20,235,0,\"expr\",false,\"print(mean(data2$k))\"],[19,1,19,5,215,217,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"print\"],[19,1,19,5,217,235,\"expr\",false,\"print\"],[19,6,19,6,216,235,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[19,7,19,19,230,235,\"expr\",false,\"mean(data2$k)\"],[19,7,19,10,218,220,\"SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL\",true,\"mean\"],[19,7,19,10,220,230,\"expr\",false,\"mean\"],[19,11,19,11,219,230,\"'('\",true,\"(\"],[19,12,19,18,225,230,\"expr\",false,\"data2$k\"],[19,12,19,16,221,223,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"data2\"],[19,12,19,16,223,225,\"expr\",false,\"data2\"],[19,17,19,17,222,225,\"'$'\",true,\"$\"],[19,18,19,18,224,225,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"k\"],[19,19,19,19,226,230,\"')'\",true,\")\"],[19,20,19,20,231,235,\"')'\",true,\")\"]",".meta":{"timing":4}},"normalize":{"ast":{"type":"RExpressionList","children":[{"type":"RFunctionCall","named":true,"location":[1,1,1,7],"lexeme":"library","functionName":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[1,1,1,7],"content":"library","lexeme":"library","info":{"fullRange":[1,1,1,15],"additionalTokens":[],"id":0,"parent":3,"role":"call-name","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R"}},"arguments":[{"type":"RArgument","location":[1,9,1,14],"lexeme":"ggplot","value":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[1,9,1,14],"content":"ggplot","lexeme":"ggplot","info":{"fullRange":[1,9,1,14],"additionalTokens":[],"id":1,"parent":2,"role":"arg-value","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R"}},"info":{"fullRange":[1,9,1,14],"additionalTokens":[],"id":2,"parent":3,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R","index":1,"role":"call-argument"}}],"info":{"fullRange":[1,1,1,15],"additionalTokens":[],"id":3,"parent":90,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R","index":0,"role":"expr-list-child"}},{"type":"RFunctionCall","named":true,"location":[2,1,2,7],"lexeme":"library","functionName":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[2,1,2,7],"content":"library","lexeme":"library","info":{"fullRange":[2,1,2,14],"additionalTokens":[],"id":4,"parent":7,"role":"call-name","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R"}},"arguments":[{"type":"RArgument","location":[2,9,2,13],"lexeme":"dplyr","value":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[2,9,2,13],"content":"dplyr","lexeme":"dplyr","info":{"fullRange":[2,9,2,13],"additionalTokens":[],"id":5,"parent":6,"role":"arg-value","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R"}},"info":{"fullRange":[2,9,2,13],"additionalTokens":[],"id":6,"parent":7,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R","index":1,"role":"call-argument"}}],"info":{"fullRange":[2,1,2,14],"additionalTokens":[],"id":7,"parent":90,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R","index":1,"role":"expr-list-child"}},{"type":"RFunctionCall","named":true,"location":[3,1,3,7],"lexeme":"library","functionName":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[3,1,3,7],"content":"library","lexeme":"library","info":{"fullRange":[3,1,3,14],"additionalTokens":[],"id":8,"parent":11,"role":"call-name","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R"}},"arguments":[{"type":"RArgument","location":[3,9,3,13],"lexeme":"readr","value":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[3,9,3,13],"content":"readr","lexeme":"readr","info":{"fullRange":[3,9,3,13],"additionalTokens":[],"id":9,"parent":10,"role":"arg-value","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R"}},"info":{"fullRange":[3,9,3,13],"additionalTokens":[],"id":10,"parent":11,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R","index":1,"role":"call-argument"}}],"info":{"fullRange":[3,1,3,14],"additionalTokens":[],"id":11,"parent":90,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R","index":2,"role":"expr-list-child"}},{"type":"RBinaryOp","location":[6,6,6,7],"lhs":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[6,1,6,4],"content":"data","lexeme":"data","info":{"fullRange":[6,1,6,4],"additionalTokens":[],"id":12,"parent":17,"role":"binop-lhs","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R"}},"rhs":{"type":"RFunctionCall","named":true,"location":[6,9,6,16],"lexeme":"read_csv","functionName":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[6,9,6,16],"content":"read_csv","lexeme":"read_csv","info":{"fullRange":[6,9,6,28],"additionalTokens":[],"id":13,"parent":16,"role":"call-name","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-qJbPMJXKVMzH-.R"}},"arguments":[{"type":"RArgument",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  "type": "request-query",
  "id": "2",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "query": [
    {
      "type": "compound",
      "query": "call-context",
      "commonArguments": {
        "kind": "visualize",
        "subkind": "text",
        "callTargets": "global"
      },
      "arguments": [
        {
          "callName": "^mean$"
        },
        {
          "callName": "^print$",
          "callTargets": "local"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

response-query (response)

Show Details

{
  "type": "response-query",
  "id": "2",
  "results": {
    "call-context": {
      ".meta": {
        "timing": 0
      },
      "kinds": {
        "visualize": {
          "subkinds": {
            "text": [
              {
                "id": 31,
                "name": "mean",
                "calls": [
                  "built-in"
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": 87,
                "name": "mean",
                "calls": [
                  "built-in"
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    },
    ".meta": {
      "timing": 1
    }
  }
}

The complete round-trip took 31.2 ms (including time required to validate the messages, start, and stop the internal mock server).

Message schema (request-query)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-query.ts.

. object Request a query to be run on the file analysis information.
- type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'request-query'
- id string [optional] If you give the id, the response will be sent to the client with the same id.
- filetoken string [required] The filetoken of the file/data retrieved from the analysis request.
- query array [required] The query to run on the file analysis information. Valid item types:
  - . alternatives Any query
    - . alternatives Supported queries
      - . object Call context query used to find calls in the dataflow graph
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'call-context'
        
        callName string [required] Regex regarding the function name!
        
        callNameExact boolean [optional] Should we automatically add the ^ and $ anchors to the regex to make it an exact match?
        
        kind string [optional] The kind of the call, this can be used to group calls together (e.g., linking plot to visualize). Defaults to .
        
        subkind string [optional] The subkind of the call, this can be used to uniquely identify the respective call type when grouping the output (e.g., the normalized name, linking ggplot to plot). Defaults to .
        
        callTargets string [optional] Call targets the function may have. This defaults to any. Request this specifically to gain all call targets we can resolve. Allows only the values: 'global', 'must-include-global', 'local', 'must-include-local', 'any'
        
        ignoreParameterValues boolean [optional] Should we ignore default values for parameters in the results?
        
        includeAliases boolean [optional] Consider a case like f <- function_of_interest, do you want uses of f to be included in the results?
        
        fileFilter object [optional] Filter that, when set, a node's file attribute must match to be considered
        
        fileFilter string [required] Regex that a node's file attribute must match to be considered
        
        includeUndefinedFiles boolean [optional] If fileFilter is set, but a nodes file attribute is undefined, should we include it in the results? Defaults to true.
        
        linkTo alternatives [optional] Links the current call to the last call of the given kind. This way, you can link a call like points to the latest graphics plot etc.
        
        . object
        
        type string [required] The type of the linkTo sub-query. Allows only the values: 'link-to-last-call'
        
        callName string [required] Regex regarding the function name of the last call. Similar to callName, strings are interpreted as a regular expression.
        
        ignoreIf function [optional] Should we ignore this (source) call? Currently, there is no well working serialization for this.
        
        cascadeIf function [optional] Should we continue searching after the link was created? Currently, there is no well working serialization for this.
        
        attachLinkInfo object [optional] Additional information to attach to the link.
        
        . array Valid item types:
        
        . object
        
        type string [required] The type of the linkTo sub-query. Allows only the values: 'link-to-last-call'
        
        callName string [required] Regex regarding the function name of the last call. Similar to callName, strings are interpreted as a regular expression.
        
        ignoreIf function [optional] Should we ignore this (source) call? Currently, there is no well working serialization for this.
        
        cascadeIf function [optional] Should we continue searching after the link was created? Currently, there is no well working serialization for this.
        
        attachLinkInfo object [optional] Additional information to attach to the link.
      - . object The config query retrieves the current configuration of the flowR instance.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'config'
      - . object The control flow query provides the control flow graph of the analysis, optionally simplified.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'control-flow'
        
        config object [optional] Optional configuration for the control flow query.
        
        simplificationPasses array The simplification passes to apply to the control flow graph. If unset, the default simplification order will be used. Valid item types:
        
        . string Allows only the values: 'unique-cf-sets', 'analyze-dead-code', 'remove-dead-code', 'to-basic-blocks'
      - . object The dataflow query simply returns the dataflow graph, there is no need to pass it multiple times!
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'dataflow'
      - . object The dataflow-lens query returns a simplified view on the dataflow graph
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'dataflow-lens'
      - . object The df-shape query retrieves information on the shape of dataframes
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'df-shape'
        
        criterion string [optional] The slicing criterion of the node to get the dataframe shape for.
      - . object The id map query retrieves the id map from the normalized AST.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'id-map'
      - . object The normalized AST query simply returns the normalized AST, there is no need to pass it multiple times!
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'normalized-ast'
      - . object The cluster query calculates and returns all clusters in the dataflow graph.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'dataflow-cluster'
      - . object Slice query used to slice the dataflow graph
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'static-slice'
        
        criteria array [required] The slicing criteria to use. Valid item types:
        
        . string
        
        noReconstruction boolean [optional] Do not reconstruct the slice into readable code.
        
        noMagicComments boolean [optional] Should the magic comments (force-including lines within the slice) be ignored?
        
        direction string [optional] The direction to slice in. Defaults to backward slicing if unset. Allows only the values: 'backward', 'forward'
      - . object Lineage query used to find the lineage of a node in the dataflow graph
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'lineage'
        
        criterion string [required] The slicing criterion of the node to get the lineage of.
      - . object The dependencies query retrieves and returns the set of all dependencies in the dataflow graph, which includes libraries, sourced files, read data, and written data.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'dependencies'
        
        ignoreDefaultFunctions boolean [optional] Should the set of functions that are detected by default be ignored/skipped?
        
        libraryFunctions array [optional] The set of library functions to search for. Valid item types:
        
        . object
        
        name string [required] The name of the library function.
        
        package string [optional] The package name of the library function
        
        argIdx number [optional] The index of the argument that contains the library name.
        
        argName string [optional] The name of the argument that contains the library name.
        
        sourceFunctions array [optional] The set of source functions to search for. Valid item types:
        
        . object
        
        name string [required] The name of the library function.
        
        package string [optional] The package name of the library function
        
        argIdx number [optional] The index of the argument that contains the library name.
        
        argName string [optional] The name of the argument that contains the library name.
        
        readFunctions array [optional] The set of data reading functions to search for. Valid item types:
        
        . object
        
        name string [required] The name of the library function.
        
        package string [optional] The package name of the library function
        
        argIdx number [optional] The index of the argument that contains the library name.
        
        argName string [optional] The name of the argument that contains the library name.
        
        writeFunctions array [optional] The set of data writing functions to search for. Valid item types:
        
        . object
        
        name string [required] The name of the library function.
        
        package string [optional] The package name of the library function
        
        argIdx number [optional] The index of the argument that contains the library name.
        
        argName string [optional] The name of the argument that contains the library name.
      - . object The location map query retrieves the location of every id in the ast.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'location-map'
        
        ids array [optional] Optional list of ids to filter the results by. Valid item types:
        
        . string
      - . object The search query searches the normalized AST and dataflow graph for nodes that match the given search query.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'search'
        
        search object [required] The search query to execute.
      - . object Happens-Before tracks whether a always happens before b.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'happens-before'
        
        a string [required] The first slicing criterion.
        
        b string [required] The second slicing criterion.
      - . object The resolve value query used to get definitions of an identifier
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'resolve-value'
        
        criteria array [required] The slicing criteria to use. Valid item types:
        
        . string
      - . object The project query provides information on the analyzed project.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'project'
      - . object The resolve value query used to get definitions of an identifier
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'origin'
        
        criterion string [required] The slicing criteria to use
      - . object The linter query lints for the given set of rules and returns the result.
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'linter'
        
        rules array The rules to lint for. If unset, all rules will be included. Valid item types:
        
        . string Allows only the values: 'deprecated-functions', 'file-path-validity', 'seeded-randomness', 'absolute-file-paths', 'unused-definitions', 'naming-convention', 'dataframe-access-validation', 'dead-code', 'useless-loop'
        
        . object
        
        name string [required] Allows only the values: 'deprecated-functions', 'file-path-validity', 'seeded-randomness', 'absolute-file-paths', 'unused-definitions', 'naming-convention', 'dataframe-access-validation', 'dead-code', 'useless-loop'
        
        config object
    - . alternatives Virtual queries (used for structure)
      - . object Compound query used to combine queries of the same type
        
        type string [required] The type of the query. Allows only the values: 'compound'
        
        query string [required] The query to run on the file analysis information.
        
        commonArguments object [required] Common arguments for all queries.
        
        arguments array [required] Arguments for each query. Valid item types:
        
        . object

Message schema (response-query)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-query.ts.

. object The response to a query request.
- type string [required] Allows only the values: 'response-query'
- id string [optional] The id of the message, will be the same for the request.
- results object [required] The results of the query.

Lineage Message (request-lineage)

View Details. (deprecated) Obtain the lineage of a given slicing criterion.

sequenceDiagram
    autonumber
    participant Client
    participant Server

    
    Client->>+Server: request-lineage

    alt
        Server-->>Client: response-lineage
    else
        Server-->>Client: error
    end
    deactivate  Server

We deprecated the lineage request in favor of the lineage Query.

In order to retrieve the lineage of an object, you have to send a file analysis request first. The filetoken you assign is of use here as you can re-use it to repeatedly retrieve the lineage of the same file. Besides that, you will need to add a criterion that specifies the object whose lineage you're interested in.

Example of the request-query Message

Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.

The following lists all messages that were sent and received in case you want to reproduce the scenario:

hello (response)

Show Details

The first message is always a hello message.

{
  "type": "hello",
  "clientName": "client-0",
  "versions": {
    "flowr": "2.4.7",
    "r": "4.5.0",
    "engine": "r-shell"
  }
}

request-file-analysis (request)

Show Details

{
  "type": "request-file-analysis",
  "id": "1",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "content": "x <- 1\nx + 1"
}

response-file-analysis (response)

Show Details

See above for the general structure of the response.

As the code is pretty long, we inhibit pretty printing and syntax highlighting (JSON, hiding built-in):

{"type":"response-file-analysis","format":"json","id":"1","results":{"parse":{"parsed":"[1,1,1,6,7,0,\"expr\",false,\"x <- 1\"],[1,1,1,1,1,3,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[1,1,1,1,3,7,\"expr\",false,\"x\"],[1,3,1,4,2,7,\"LEFT_ASSIGN\",true,\"<-\"],[1,6,1,6,4,5,\"NUM_CONST\",true,\"1\"],[1,6,1,6,5,7,\"expr\",false,\"1\"],[2,1,2,5,16,0,\"expr\",false,\"x + 1\"],[2,1,2,1,10,12,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[2,1,2,1,12,16,\"expr\",false,\"x\"],[2,3,2,3,11,16,\"'+'\",true,\"+\"],[2,5,2,5,13,14,\"NUM_CONST\",true,\"1\"],[2,5,2,5,14,16,\"expr\",false,\"1\"]",".meta":{"timing":5}},"normalize":{"ast":{"type":"RExpressionList","children":[{"type":"RBinaryOp","location":[1,3,1,4],"lhs":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[1,1,1,1],"content":"x","lexeme":"x","info":{"fullRange":[1,1,1,1],"additionalTokens":[],"id":0,"parent":2,"role":"binop-lhs","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-0OFZ6zHVSYYy-.R"}},"rhs":{"location":[1,6,1,6],"lexeme":"1","info":{"fullRange":[1,6,1,6],"additionalTokens":[],"id":1,"parent":2,"role":"binop-rhs","index":1,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-0OFZ6zHVSYYy-.R"},"type":"RNumber","content":{"num":1,"complexNumber":false,"markedAsInt":false}},"operator":"<-","lexeme":"<-","info":{"fullRange":[1,1,1,6],"additionalTokens":[],"id":2,"parent":6,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-0OFZ6zHVSYYy-.R","index":0,"role":"expr-list-child"}},{"type":"RBinaryOp","location":[2,3,2,3],"lhs":{"type":"RSymbol","location":[2,1,2,1],"content":"x","lexeme":"x","info":{"fullRange":[2,1,2,1],"additionalTokens":[],"id":3,"parent":5,"role":"binop-lhs","index":0,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-0OFZ6zHVSYYy-.R"}},"rhs":{"location":[2,5,2,5],"lexeme":"1","info":{"fullRange":[2,5,2,5],"additionalTokens":[],"id":4,"parent":5,"role":"binop-rhs","index":1,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-0OFZ6zHVSYYy-.R"},"type":"RNumber","content":{"num":1,"complexNumber":false,"markedAsInt":false}},"operator":"+","lexeme":"+","info":{"fullRange":[2,1,2,5],"additionalTokens":[],"id":5,"parent":6,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-0OFZ6zHVSYYy-.R","index":1,"role":"expr-list-child"}}],"info":{"additionalTokens":[],"id":6,"nesting":0,"file":"/tmp/tmp-11174-0OFZ6zHVSYYy-.R","role":"root","index":0}},".meta":{"timing":1}},"dataflow":{"unknownReferences":[],"in":[{"nodeId":2,"name":"<-","type":2},{"nodeId":5,"name":"+","type":2}],"out":[{"nodeId":0,"name":"x","type":4,"definedAt":2,"value":[1]}],"environment":{"current":{"id":256,"parent":"<BuiltInEnvironment>","memory":[["x",[{"nodeId":0,"name":"x","type":4,"definedAt":2,"value":[1]}]]]},"level":0},"graph":{"_sourced":["/tmp/tmp-11174-0OFZ6zHVSYYy-.R"],"_unknownSideEffects":[],"rootVertices":[1,0,2,3,4,5],"vertexInformation":[[1,{"tag":"value","id":1}],[0,{"tag":"variable-definition","id":0}],[2,{"tag":"function-call","id":2,"name":"<-","onlyBuiltin":true,"args":[{"nodeId":0,"type":32},{"nodeId":1,"type":32}],"origin":["builtin:assignment"]}],[3,{"tag":"use","id":3}],[4,{"tag":"value","id":4}],[5,{"tag":"function-call","id":5,"name":"+","onlyBuiltin":true,"args":[{"nodeId":3,"type":32},{"nodeId":4,"type":32}],"origin":["builtin:default"]}]],"edgeInformation":[[2,[[1,{"types":64}],[0,{"types":72}],["built-in:<-",{"types":5}]]],[0,[[1,{"types":2}],[2,{"types":2}]]],[3,[[0,{"types":1}]]],[5,[[3,{"types":65}],[4,{"types":65}],["built-in:+",{"types":5}]]]]},"entryPoint":2,"exitPoints":[{"type":0,"nodeId":5}],".meta":{"timing":1}}}}

request-lineage (request)

Show Details

{
  "type": "request-lineage",
  "id": "2",
  "filetoken": "x",
  "criterion": "2@x"
}

response-lineage (response)
Show Details

The response contains the lineage of the desired object in form of an array of IDs (as the representation of a set).
```
{
  "type": "response-lineage",
  "id": "2",
  "lineage": [
    3,
    0,
    1,
    2,
    "built-in:<-"
  ]
}
```

The complete round-trip took 12.2 ms (including time required to validate the messages, start, and stop the internal mock server).

Message schema (request-lineage)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-lineage.ts.

. object
- type string [required] The type of the message. Allows only the values: 'request-lineage'
- id string [optional] If you give the id, the response will be sent to the client with the same id.
- filetoken string [required] The filetoken of the file/data retrieved from the analysis request.
- criterion string [required] The criterion to start the lineage from.

Message schema (response-lineage)

For the definition of the hello message, please see it's implementation at ./src/cli/repl/server/messages/message-lineage.ts.

. object
- type string [required] Allows only the values: 'response-lineage'
- id string [optional] The id of the message, will be the same for the request.
- lineage array [required] The lineage of the given criterion. Valid item types:
  - . string

📡 Ways of Connecting

If you are interested in clients that communicate with flowR, please check out the R adapter as well as the Visual Studio Code extension.

Using Netcat
Without Websocket

Suppose, you want to launch the server using a docker container. Then, start the server by (forwarding the internal default port):
```
docker run -p1042:1042 -it --rm eagleoutice/flowr --server
```
Now, using a tool like netcat to connect:
```
nc 127.0.0.1 1042
```
Within the started session, type the following message (as a single line) and press enter to see the response:
```
{"type":"request-file-analysis","content":"x <- 1","id":"1"}
```

Using Python

Without Websocket

In Python, a similar process would look like this. After starting the server as with using netcat, you can use the following script to connect:

import socket

with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
    s.connect(('127.0.0.1', 1042))
    print(s.recv(4096))  # for the hello message

    s.send(b'{"type":"request-file-analysis","content":"x <- 1","id":"1"}\n')

    print(s.recv(65536))  # for the response (please use a more sophisticated mechanism)

💻 Using the REPL

Note

To execute arbitrary R commands with a repl request, flowR has to be started explicitly with --r-session-access. Please be aware that this introduces a security risk and note that this relies on the r-shell engine.

Although primarily meant for users to explore, there is nothing which forbids simply calling flowR as a subprocess to use standard-in, -output, and -error for communication (although you can access the REPL using the server as well, with the REPL Request message).

The read-eval-print loop (REPL) works relatively simple. You can submit an expression (using enter), which is interpreted as an R expression by default but interpreted as a command if it starts with a colon (:). The best command to get started with the REPL is :help. Besides, you can leave the REPL either with the command :quit or by pressing CTRL+C twice.

Available Commands

We currently offer the following commands (this with a [*] suffix are available with and without the star):

Command	Description
:quit	End the repl (aliases: :q, :exit)
:execute	Execute the given code as R code (essentially similar to using now command). This requires the `--r-session-access` flag to be set and requires the r-shell engine. (aliases: :e, :r)
*:controlflow[]**	Get mermaid code for the control-flow graph of R code, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :cfg, :cf)
*:controlflowbb[]**	Get mermaid code for the control-flow graph with basic blocks, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :cfgb, :cfb)
*:dataflow[]**	Get mermaid code for the dataflow graph, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :d, :df)
*:normalize[]**	Get mermaid code for the normalized AST of R code, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (alias: :n)
*:dataflowsimple[]**	Get mermaid code for the simplified dataflow graph, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (star: Returns the URL to mermaid.live) (aliases: :ds, :dfs)
:lineage	Get the lineage of an R object (alias: :lin)
:parse	Prints ASCII Art of the parsed, unmodified AST, start with 'file://' to indicate a file (alias: :p)
:version	Prints the version of flowR as well as the current version of R
*:query[]**	Query the given R code, start with 'file://' to indicate a file. The query is to be a valid query in json format (use 'help' to get more information). (star: Similar to query, but returns the output in json format.)
:help	Show help information (aliases: :h, :?)

Example: Retrieving the Dataflow Graph

To retrieve a URL to the mermaid diagram of the dataflow of a given expression, use :dataflow* (or :dataflow to get the mermaid code in the cli):

$ docker run -it --rm eagleoutice/flowr # or npm run flowr 
flowR repl using flowR v2.4.7, R v4.5.0 (r-shell engine)
R> :dataflow* y <- 1 + x

Output

https://mermaid.live/view#base64:eyJjb2RlIjoiZmxvd2NoYXJ0IEJUXG4gICAgMXt7XCJgIzkxO1JOdW1iZXIjOTM7IDFcbiAgICAgICgxKVxuICAgICAgKjEuNipgXCJ9fVxuICAgIDIoW1wiYCM5MTtSU3ltYm9sIzkzOyB4XG4gICAgICAoMilcbiAgICAgICoxLjEwKmBcIl0pXG4gICAgM1tbXCJgIzkxO1JCaW5hcnlPcCM5MzsgIzQzO1xuICAgICAgKDMpXG4gICAgICAqMS42LTEwKlxuICAgICgxLCAyKWBcIl1dXG4gICAgYnVpbHQtaW46X1tcImBCdWlsdC1JbjpcbiM0MztgXCJdXG4gICAgc3R5bGUgYnVpbHQtaW46XyBzdHJva2U6Z3JheSxmaWxsOmxpZ2h0Z3JheSxzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MnB4LG9wYWNpdHk6Ljg7XG4gICAgMFtcImAjOTE7UlN5bWJvbCM5MzsgeVxuICAgICAgKDApXG4gICAgICAqMS4xKmBcIl1cbiAgICA0W1tcImAjOTE7UkJpbmFyeU9wIzkzOyAjNjA7IzQ1O1xuICAgICAgKDQpXG4gICAgICAqMS4xLTEwKlxuICAgICgwLCAzKWBcIl1dXG4gICAgYnVpbHQtaW46Xy1bXCJgQnVpbHQtSW46XG4jNjA7IzQ1O2BcIl1cbiAgICBzdHlsZSBidWlsdC1pbjpfLSBzdHJva2U6Z3JheSxmaWxsOmxpZ2h0Z3JheSxzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg6MnB4LG9wYWNpdHk6Ljg7XG4gICAgMyAtLT58XCJyZWFkcywgYXJndW1lbnRcInwgMVxuICAgIDMgLS0+fFwicmVhZHMsIGFyZ3VtZW50XCJ8IDJcbiAgICAzIC0uLT58XCJyZWFkcywgY2FsbHNcInwgYnVpbHQtaW46X1xuICAgIGxpbmtTdHlsZSAyIHN0cm9rZTpncmF5O1xuICAgIDAgLS0+fFwiZGVmaW5lZC1ieVwifCAzXG4gICAgMCAtLT58XCJkZWZpbmVkLWJ5XCJ8IDRcbiAgICA0IC0tPnxcImFyZ3VtZW50XCJ8IDNcbiAgICA0IC0tPnxcInJldHVybnMsIGFyZ3VtZW50XCJ8IDBcbiAgICA0IC0uLT58XCJyZWFkcywgY2FsbHNcInwgYnVpbHQtaW46Xy1cbiAgICBsaW5rU3R5bGUgNyBzdHJva2U6Z3JheTsiLCJtZXJtYWlkIjp7ImF1dG9TeW5jIjp0cnVlfX0=

Retrieve the dataflow graph of the expression y <- 1 + x. It looks like this:

flowchart LR
    1{{"`#91;RNumber#93; 1
      (1)
      *1.6*`"}}
    2(["`#91;RSymbol#93; x
      (2)
      *1.10*`"])
    3[["`#91;RBinaryOp#93; #43;
      (3)
      *1.6-10*
    (1, 2)`"]]
    built-in:_["`Built-In:
#43;`"]
    style built-in:_ stroke:gray,fill:lightgray,stroke-width:2px,opacity:.8;
    0["`#91;RSymbol#93; y
      (0)
      *1.1*`"]
    4[["`#91;RBinaryOp#93; #60;#45;
      (4)
      *1.1-10*
    (0, 3)`"]]
    built-in:_-["`Built-In:
#60;#45;`"]
    style built-in:_- stroke:gray,fill:lightgray,stroke-width:2px,opacity:.8;
    3 -->|"reads, argument"| 1
    3 -->|"reads, argument"| 2
    3 -.->|"reads, calls"| built-in:_
    linkStyle 2 stroke:gray;
    0 -->|"defined-by"| 3
    0 -->|"defined-by"| 4
    4 -->|"argument"| 3
    4 -->|"returns, argument"| 0
    4 -.->|"reads, calls"| built-in:_-
    linkStyle 7 stroke:gray;

R Code of the Dataflow Graph

The analysis required 3.2 ms (including parse and normalize, using the r-shell engine) within the generation environment. We encountered no unknown side effects during the analysis.

y <- 1 + x

For the slicing with :slicer, you have access to the same magic comments as with the slice request.

Example: Interfacing with the File System

Many commands that allow for an R-expression (like :dataflow*) allow for a file as well if the argument starts with file://. If you are working from the root directory of the flowR repository, the following gives you the parsed AST of the example file using the :parse command:

$ docker run -it --rm eagleoutice/flowr # or npm run flowr 
flowR repl using flowR v2.4.7, R v4.5.0 (r-shell engine)
R> :parse file://test/testfiles/example.R

Output

exprlist
├ expr
│ ├ expr
│ │ ╰ SYMBOL "sum" (1:1─3)
│ ├ LEFT_ASSIGN "<-" (1:5─6)
│ ╰ expr
│   ╰ NUM_CONST "0" (1:8)
├ expr
│ ├ expr
│ │ ╰ SYMBOL "product" (2:1─7)
│ ├ LEFT_ASSIGN "<-" (2:9─10)
│ ╰ expr
│   ╰ NUM_CONST "1" (2:12)
├ expr
│ ├ expr
│ │ ╰ SYMBOL "w" (3:1)
│ ├ LEFT_ASSIGN "<-" (3:3─4)
│ ╰ expr
│   ╰ NUM_CONST "7" (3:6)
├ expr
│ ├ expr
│ │ ╰ SYMBOL "N" (4:1)
│ ├ LEFT_ASSIGN "<-" (4:3─4)
│ ╰ expr
│   ╰ NUM_CONST "10" (4:6─7)
├ expr
│ ├ FOR "for" (6:1─3)
│ ├ forcond
│ │ ├ ( "(" (6:5)
│ │ ├ SYMBOL "i" (6:6)
│ │ ├ IN "in" (6:8─9)
│ │ ├ expr
│ │ │ ├ expr
│ │ │ │ ╰ NUM_CONST "1" (6:11)
│ │ │ ├ : ":" (6:12)
│ │ │ ╰ expr
│ │ │   ├ ( "(" (6:13)
│ │ │   ├ expr
│ │ │   │ ├ expr
│ │ │   │ │ ╰ SYMBOL "N" (6:14)
│ │ │   │ ├ - "-" (6:15)
│ │ │   │ ╰ expr
│ │ │   │   ╰ NUM_CONST "1" (6:16)
│ │ │   ╰ ) ")" (6:17)
│ │ ╰ ) ")" (6:18)
│ ╰ expr
│   ├ { "{" (6:20)
│   ├ expr
│   │ ├ expr
│   │ │ ╰ SYMBOL "sum" (7:3─5)
│   │ ├ LEFT_ASSIGN "<-" (7:7─8)
│   │ ╰ expr
│   │   ├ expr
│   │   │ ├ expr
│   │   │ │ ╰ SYMBOL "sum" (7:10─12)
│   │   │ ├ + "+" (7:14)
│   │   │ ╰ expr
│   │   │   ╰ SYMBOL "i" (7:16)
│   │   ├ + "+" (7:18)
│   │   ╰ expr
│   │     ╰ SYMBOL "w" (7:20)
│   ├ expr
│   │ ├ expr
│   │ │ ╰ SYMBOL "product" (8:3─9)
│   │ ├ LEFT_ASSIGN "<-" (8:11─12)
│   │ ╰ expr
│   │   ├ expr
│   │   │ ╰ SYMBOL "product" (8:14─20)
│   │   ├ * "*" (8:22)
│   │   ╰ expr
│   │     ╰ SYMBOL "i" (8:24)
│   ╰ } "}" (9:1)
├ expr
│ ├ expr
│ │ ╰ SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL "cat" (11:1─3)
│ ├ ( "(" (11:4)
│ ├ expr
│ │ ╰ STR_CONST "\"Sum:\"" (11:5─10)
│ ├ , "," (11:11)
│ ├ expr
│ │ ╰ SYMBOL "sum" (11:13─15)
│ ├ , "," (11:16)
│ ├ expr
│ │ ╰ STR_CONST "\"\\n\"" (11:18─21)
│ ╰ ) ")" (11:22)
╰ expr
  ├ expr
  │ ╰ SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL "cat" (12:1─3)
  ├ ( "(" (12:4)
  ├ expr
  │ ╰ STR_CONST "\"Product:\"" (12:5─14)
  ├ , "," (12:15)
  ├ expr
  │ ╰ SYMBOL "product" (12:17─23)
  ├ , "," (12:24)
  ├ expr
  │ ╰ STR_CONST "\"\\n\"" (12:26─29)
  ╰ ) ")" (12:30)

Retrieve the parsed AST of the example file.

File Content

sum <- 0
product <- 1
w <- 7
N <- 10

for (i in 1:(N-1)) {
  sum <- sum + i + w
  product <- product * i
}

cat("Sum:", sum, "\n")
cat("Product:", product, "\n")

As flowR directly transforms this AST the output focuses on being human-readable instead of being machine-readable.

⚙️ Configuring FlowR

When running flowR, you may want to specify some behaviors with a dedicated configuration file. By default, flowR looks for a file named flowr.json in the current working directory (or any higher directory). You can also specify a different file with --config-file or pass the configuration inline using --config-json. To inspect the current configuration, you can run flowr with the --verbose flag, or use the config Query. Within the REPL this works by running the following:

:query @config

The following summarizes the configuration options:

ignoreSourceCalls: If set to true, flowR will ignore source calls when analyzing the code, i.e., ignoring the inclusion of other files.
semantics: allows to configure the way flowR handles R, although we currently only support semantics/environment/overwriteBuiltIns. You may use this to overwrite flowR's handling of built-in function and even completely clear the preset definitions shipped with flowR. See Configure BuiltIn Semantics for more information.
solver: allows to configure how flowR resolves variables and their values (currently we support: disabled, alias, builtin), as well as if pointer analysis should be active.
engines: allows to configure the engines used by flowR to interact with R code. See the Engines wiki page for more information.
defaultEngine: allows to specify the default engine to use for interacting with R code. If not set, an arbitrary engine from the specified list will be used.
abstractInterpretation: allows to configure how flowR performs abstract interpretation, although we currently only support data frame shape inference through abstract interpretation.

So you can configure flowR by adding a file like the following:

Example Configuration File

{
  "ignoreSourceCalls": true,
  "semantics": {
    "environment": {
      "overwriteBuiltIns": {
        "definitions": [
          {
            "type": "function",
            "names": [
              "foo"
            ],
            "processor": "builtin:assignment",
            "config": {}
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "engines": [
    {
      "type": "r-shell"
    }
  ],
  "solver": {
    "variables": "alias",
    "evalStrings": true,
    "pointerTracking": true,
    "resolveSource": {
      "dropPaths": "no",
      "ignoreCapitalization": true,
      "inferWorkingDirectory": "active-script",
      "searchPath": []
    },
    "slicer": {
      "threshold": 50
    }
  },
  "abstractInterpretation": {
    "dataFrame": {
      "maxColNames": 20,
      "wideningThreshold": 4,
      "readLoadedData": {
        "readExternalFiles": true,
        "maxReadLines": 1000000
      }
    }
  }
}

Configure Built-In Semantics

semantics/environment/overwriteBuiltins accepts two keys:

loadDefaults (boolean, initially true): If set to true, the default built-in definitions are loaded before applying the custom definitions. Setting this flag to false explicitly disables the loading of the default definitions.

definitions (array, initially empty): Allows to overwrite or define new built-in elements. Each object within must have a type which is one of the below. Furthermore, they may define a string array of names which specifies the identifiers to bind the definitions to. You may use assumePrimitive to specify whether flowR should assume that this is a primitive non-library definition (so you probably just do not want to specify the key).

Type	Description	Example
`constant`	Additionally allows for a `value` this should resolve to.	`{ type: 'constant', names: ['NULL', 'NA'], value: null }`
`function`	Is a rather flexible way to define and bind built-in functions. For the time, we do not have extensive documentation to cover all the cases, so please either consult the sources with the `default-builtin-config.ts` or open a new issue.	`{ type: 'function', names: ['next'], processor: 'builtin:default', config: { cfg: ExitPointType.Next } }`
`replacement`	A comfortable way to specify replacement functions like `$<-` or `names<-`. `suffixes` describes the... suffixes to attach automatically.	`{ type: 'replacement', suffixes: ['<-', '<<-'], names: ['[', '[['] }`

Full Configuration-File Schema

. object The configuration file format for flowR.
- ignoreSourceCalls boolean [optional] Whether source calls should be ignored, causing {@link processSourceCall}'s behavior to be skipped.
- semantics object Configure language semantics and how flowR handles them.
  - environment object [optional] Semantics regarding how to handle the R environment.
    - overwriteBuiltIns object [optional] Do you want to overwrite (parts) of the builtin definition?
      - loadDefaults boolean [optional] Should the default configuration still be loaded?
      - definitions array [optional] The definitions to load/overwrite. Valid item types:
        
        . object
- engines array The engine or set of engines to use for interacting with R code. An empty array means all available engines will be used. Valid item types:
  - . alternatives
    - . object The configuration for the tree sitter engine.
      - type string [required] Use the tree sitter engine. Allows only the values: 'tree-sitter'
      - wasmPath string [optional] The path to the tree-sitter-r WASM binary to use. If this is undefined, this uses the default path.
      - treeSitterWasmPath string [optional] The path to the tree-sitter WASM binary to use. If this is undefined, this uses the default path.
      - lax boolean [optional] Whether to use the lax parser for parsing R code (allowing for syntax errors). If this is undefined, the strict parser will be used.
    - . object The configuration for the R shell engine.
      - type string [required] Use the R shell engine. Allows only the values: 'r-shell'
      - rPath string [optional] The path to the R executable to use. If this is undefined, this uses the default path.
- defaultEngine string [optional] The default engine to use for interacting with R code. If this is undefined, an arbitrary engine from the specified list will be used. Allows only the values: 'tree-sitter', 'r-shell'
- solver object How to resolve constants, constraints, cells, ...
  - variables string How to resolve variables and their values. Allows only the values: 'disabled', 'alias', 'builtin'
  - evalStrings boolean Should we include eval(parse(text="...")) calls in the dataflow graph?
  - pointerTracking alternatives Whether to track pointers in the dataflow graph, if not, the graph will be over-approximated wrt. containers and accesses.
    - . boolean
    - . object
      - maxIndexCount number [required] The maximum number of indices tracked per object with the pointer analysis.
  - resolveSource object [optional] If lax source calls are active, flowR searches for sourced files much more freely, based on the configurations you give it. This option is only in effect if ignoreSourceCalls is set to false.
    - dropPaths string Allow to drop the first or all parts of the sourced path, if it is relative. Allows only the values: 'no', 'once', 'all'
    - ignoreCapitalization boolean Search for filenames matching in the lowercase.
    - inferWorkingDirectory string Try to infer the working directory from the main or any script to analyze. Allows only the values: 'no', 'main-script', 'active-script', 'any-script'
    - searchPath array Additionally search in these paths. Valid item types:
      - . string
    - repeatedSourceLimit number [optional] How often the same file can be sourced within a single run? Please be aware: in case of cyclic sources this may not reach a fixpoint so give this a sensible limit.
    - applyReplacements array Provide name replacements for loaded files Valid item types:
      - . object
  - slicer object [optional] The configuration for the slicer.
    - threshold number [optional] The maximum number of iterations to perform on a single function call during slicing.
- abstractInterpretation object The configuration options for abstract interpretation.
  - dataFrame object The configuration of the shape inference for data frames.
    - maxColNames number The maximum number of columns names to infer for data frames before over-approximating the column names to top.
    - wideningThreshold number The threshold for the number of visitations of a node at which widening should be performed to ensure the termination of the fixpoint iteration.
    - readLoadedData object Configuration options for reading data frame shapes from loaded external data files, such as CSV files.
      - readExternalFiles boolean Whether data frame shapes should be extracted from loaded external files, such as CSV files.
      - maxReadLines number The maximum number of lines to read when extracting data frame shapes from loaded files, such as CSV files.

⚒️ Writing Code

flowR can be used as a module and offers several main classes and interfaces that are interesting for extension writers (see the Visual Studio Code extension or the core wiki page for more information).

Using the `RShell` to Interact with R

The RShell class allows interfacing with the R ecosystem installed on the host system. Please have a look at flowR's engines for more information on alterantives (for example, the TreeSitterExecutor).

Important

Each RShell controls a new instance of the R interpreter, make sure to call RShell::close() when you are done.

You can start a new "session" simply by constructing a new object with new RShell().

However, there are several options that may be of interest (e.g., to automatically revive the shell in case of errors or to control the name location of the R process on the system).

With a shell object (let's call it shell), you can execute R code by using RShell::sendCommand, for example shell.sendCommand("1 + 1"). However, this does not return anything, so if you want to collect the output of your command, use RShell::sendCommandWithOutput instead.

Besides that, the command tryToInjectHomeLibPath may be of interest, as it enables all libraries available on the host system.

The Pipeline Executor

Once, in the beginning, flowR was meant to produce a dataflow graph merely to provide program slices. However, with continuous updates, the dataflow graph repeatedly proves to be the more interesting part. With this, we restructured flowR's originally hardcoded pipeline to be far more flexible. Now, it can be theoretically extended or replaced with arbitrary steps, optional steps, and what we call 'decorations' of these steps. In short, if you still "just want to slice" you can do it like this with the PipelineExecutor:

const slicer = new PipelineExecutor(DEFAULT_SLICING_PIPELINE, {
  parser:    new RShell(),
  request:   requestFromInput('x <- 1\nx + 1'),
  criterion: ['2@x']
})
const slice = await slicer.allRemainingSteps()
// console.log(slice.reconstruct.code)

More Information

If you compare this, with what you would have done with the old (and removed) SteppingSlicer, this essentially just requires you to replace the SteppingSlicer with the PipelineExecutor and to pass the DEFAULT_SLICING_PIPELINE as the first argument. The PipelineExecutor...

Provides structures to investigate the results of all intermediate steps
Can be executed step-by-step
Can repeat steps (e.g., to calculate multiple slices on the same input)

See the in-code documentation for more information.

Generate Statistics

Adding a New Feature to Extract

In this example, we construct a new feature to extract, with the name "example". Whenever this name appears, you may substitute this with whatever name fits your feature best (as long as the name is unique).

Create a new file in src/statistics/features/supported
Create the file example.ts, and add its export to the index.ts file in the same directory (if not done automatically).
Create the basic structure
To get a better feel of what a feature must have, let's look at the basic structure (of course, due to TypeScript syntax, there are other ways to achieve the same goal):
```
const initialExampleInfo = {
    /* whatever start value is good for you */
    someCounter: 0
}

export type ExampleInfo = Writable<typeof initialExampleInfo>

export const example: Feature<ExampleInfo> = {
 name:        'Example Feature',
 description: 'A longer example description',

 process(existing: ExampleInfo, input: FeatureProcessorInput): ExampleInfo {
   /* perform analysis on the input */
   return existing
 },

 initialValue: initialExampleInfo
}
```
The initialExampleInfo type holds the initial values for each counter that you want to maintain during the feature extraction (they will usually be initialized with 0). The resulting ExampleInfo type holds the structure of the data that is to be counted. Due to the vast amount of data processed, information like the name and location of a function call is not stored here, but instead written to disk (see below).

Every new feature must be of the Feature<Info> type, with Info referring to a FeatureInfo (like ExampleInfo in this example). Next to a name and a description, each Feature must provide:
- a processor that extracts the information from the input, adding it to the existing information.
- a function returning the initial value of the information (in this case, initialExampleInfo).
Add it to the feature-mapping
Now, in the feature.ts file in src/statistics/features, add your feature to the ALL_FEATURES object.

Now, we want to extract something. For the example feature created in the previous steps, we choose to count the amount of COMMENT tokens. So we define a corresponding XPath query:

const commentQuery: Query = xpath.parse('//COMMENT')

Within our feature's process function, running the query is as simple as:

const comments = commentQuery.select({ node: input.parsedRAst })

Now we could do a lot of further processing, but for simplicity, we only record every comment found this way:

appendStatisticsFile(example.name, 'comments', comments, input.filepath)

We use example.name to avoid duplication with the name that we’ve assigned to the feature. It corresponds to the name of the folder in the statistics output. 'comments' refers to a freely chosen (but unique) name, that will be used as the name for the output file within the folder. The comments variable holds the result of the query, which is an array of nodes. Finally, we pass the filepath of the file that was analyzed (if known), so that it can be added to the statistics file (as additional information).

Currently maintained by Florian Sihler at Ulm University
Email | GitHub | Penguins | Portfolio

💮 flowR Home

Interface

💬 Communicating with the Server

📡 Ways of Connecting

💻 Using the REPL

Example: Retrieving the Dataflow Graph

Example: Interfacing with the File System

⚙️ Configuring FlowR

⚒️ Writing Code

Using the RShell to Interact with R

The Pipeline Executor

Generate Statistics

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Using the `RShell` to Interact with R