sagemathgh-40149: Revision of the Khovanov polynomial
    
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In sagemath#33965 and sagemath#33969, I introduced two methods named
`khovanov_polynomial`, one for the `Link` class and the other for
`KnotInfo`. Unfortunately, I misused the ring argument in both. IIRC,
the analogy to the other polynomial link invariants led me to use the
`base_ring` argument to specify the base ring of the polynomial.
However, this was not a good idea, since the Khovanov polynomial, as a
Poincaré polynomial of homology, always has integer coefficients. On the
other hand, a ring argument is needed to specify the underlying
homology.

This will be corrected in this PR. In particular, I will deprecate the
existing `base_ring` argument and introduce a new `ring` argument, which
corresponds to the `ring` argument of the `khovanov_homology` method of
the `Link` class. I take the occasion to remove the deprecation warning
for the argument `KhoHo` released in March 2024.

Furthermore, I introduce a new argument `torsion` to display the torsion
parts of the integral homology according to the [KnotInfo convention](ht
tps://knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/descriptions/khovanov_odd_integral_polyn
omial.html).


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URL: sagemath#40149
Reported by: Sebastian Oehms
Reviewer(s): Travis Scrimshaw