This is a precursor to #30680, laying out the framework for finitely presented modules over graded connected algebras. #30680 will focus on the case of the Steenrod algebra, with specific applications in mind.

CC: @sverre320 @sagetrac-kvanwoerden @jhpalmieri @tscrim @rrbruner @cnassau

Component: algebra

Author: Bob Bruner, Michael Catanzaro, Sverre Lunøe-Nielsen, Koen van Woerden, John Palmieri, Travis Scrimshaw

Branch/Commit: a1a9467

Reviewer: John Palmieri, Travis Scrimshaw

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/32505