As a follow up to #30923, we improve the local-sudo-... environments as follows:

• Provide alternative environments local-root..., which assume that we are already root, removing the sudo requirement (which is not installed on github actions and not needed there)
• Use configure --enable-build-as-root for local-root
• Add DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive to the installation of packages via apt get (otherwise installation of tzdata blocks CI)
• Make tox -e local-sudo-standard -- config.status only build config.status instead of also invoking make base-toolchain (which is run as the required first step of the Sage build system before something like make numpy can be run; see build/make/Makefile.in: base-toolchain should be a dependency of every non-base, non-toolchain package #30721).

Depends on #29124

CC: @mkoeppe @dimpase @kliem

Component: porting

Author: Matthias Koeppe

Branch/Commit: ab19133

Reviewer: Jonathan Kliem

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/30944