Importing Fedora patches to make the package compile with modern compilers.

Upstreaming a generalized version of
https://salsa.debian.org/science-team/sagemath/-/blob/master/debian/patches/d0-rubiks.patch
by providing a configuration variable RUBIKS_BINS_PREFIX (in analogy to NAUTY_BINS_PREFIX) in sage_conf.

This now goes through the Features already defined for the rubiks executables.

CC: @tobihan @kiwifb @orlitzky @dimpase

Component: build

Keywords: sd111

Author: Matthias Koeppe, Dima Pasechnik

Branch/Commit: 197830c

Reviewer: Dima Pasechnik, Matthias Koeppe

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/30582