We rebase sage_autodoc to Sphinx 5.3.0.

This is a step toward eventual removal of sage_autodoc in #30893, a customization of Sphinx autodoc extension for Sage objects.

Other related tickets are #27578. #30884, #31309, in this regard.

CC: @kiwifb

Component: documentation

Author: Kwankyu Lee

Branch/Commit: aa74d4b

Reviewer: Tobias Diez

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/34730