The docker images are using Ubuntu impish. We should instead build against the latest LTS version jammy.

Also, the README on Docker Hub is quite outdated.

Finally, we drop the CircleCI setup here. To my knowledge nobody is using it and I it's likely broken by now anyway.

Depends on #34360

CC: @videlec @Kerl13

Component: docker

Author: Julian Rüth

Branch: f1f5a0f

Reviewer: MartinPepin

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/34242