https://doc.sagemath.org/html/en/installation/source.html#linux-recommended-installation
gives apt-get install and yum install command lines to install system packages that will be recognized by build/pkgs/SPKG/spkg-configure.m4.

Several packages are missing, see comments in
https://github.com/sagemath/sage-prod/files/10659286/Dockerfile-ubuntu-minimal.gz

This ticket puts this information on a per-package basis into build/pkgs/SPKG/distros/debian.txt, .../fedora.txt, .../arch.txt for the following purposes:

• sage -info SPKG prints out this information.

• Provide a tox.ini that generates and runs Dockerfiles that test the installation on various systems. Example (running 3 builds in parallel):

     $ tox -p auto -e archlinux-latest,ubuntu-focal-minimal,debian-buster-maximal
  ⠸
  

Incidental change on this ticket:

• Mark gfortran as a type=standard package. It is a prereq of standard package numpy. Its status as a type=optional package predates the clarifications brought by the development of the spkg-configure.m4 mechanism (Meta-ticket: spkg-configure: Try to use as many system packages as possible #27330).

Possible follow-up and related tickets:

• Add GitHub Actions workflow for testing the build on various Linux distributions via docker; macOS with homebrew; and Windows (cygwin) #29087 - Add a GitHub workflow that runs this automatically, with many parallel jobs.
• Also the apt-cyg command lines at https://trac.sagemath.org/wiki/Cygwin64Port could be generated in the same way.
• ./bootstrap: Format build/pkgs/SPKG/distros/ information to produce the apt-get/yum command lines shown in the installation manual #26964: Aggregate and format it (during ./bootstrap) to produce the command lines shown in the manual. This ticket already prepares it by moving these command lines into separate .txt files.
• sage_bootstrap: Add command "sage -package list --output={install-requires,requirements,pipfile,debian,....}" #29041: at ./bootstrap time, generate src/requirements.txt, src/constraints.txt, src/setup.cfg [install_requires] from build/pkgs
• Add SAGE_ROOT/environment.yml for "conda env create -f". #28745: Add SAGE_ROOT/environment.yml for conda env create -f.
• Add to tox.ini a conda run (either with a fresh environment or fresh conda install) without docker - to test with macOS conda
• Add to tox.ini a homebrew run (with a fresh install not in /usr/local)

Resources:

• https://repology.org/

CC: @dimpase @embray @antonio-rojas @isuruf @timokau

Component: build

Author: Matthias Koeppe

Branch: 23c6334

Reviewer: Dima Pasechnik

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/29053