Move c_lib code to Cython modules, or refactor code to no longer use c_lib:

• Move and fix rational reconstruction #17180: Move and fix rational reconstruction
• Remove gmp_globals and gmp.pxi #10103: Remove gmp_globals and gmp.pxi
• Replace PY_NEW and PY_NEW_SAME_TYPE by __new__() method #17668: Replace PY_NEW and PY_NEW_SAME_TYPE by new() method
• Replace PY_TYPE() by type() #17726: Replace PY_TYPE() by type()
• Replace PY_TYPE_CHECK_EXACT #17725: Replace PY_TYPE_CHECK_EXACT
• Replace PY_TYPE_CHECK and IS_INSTANCE by isinstance #17800: Replace PY_TYPE_CHECK and IS_INSTANCE by isinstance
• Remove use of PY_IS_NUMERIC #17862: Remove use of PY_IS_NUMERIC
• Remove init_csage_module() #17625: Remove init_csage_module()
• Remove c_lib/src/ZZ_pylong.cpp #17789: Remove c_lib/src/ZZ_pylong.cpp
• Implement mpz <-> Python int/long in Cython #17853: Implement mpz <-> Python int/long in Cython
• PARI: store GEN as mpz/mpq #17788: PARI: store GEN as mpz/mpq
• Modernize NTL error handler #17784: Modernize NTL error handler
• Use unsigned long for Integer.divisors #17819: Use unsigned long for Integer.divisors
• Move memory functions from c_lib to Cython #17881: Move memory functions from c_lib to Cython
• Cython clean-up in fast_eval.pyx #17882: Cython clean-up in fast_eval.pyx
• Unify base_extend, base_extend_c, base_extend_c_impl #17889: Unify base_extend, base_extend_c, base_extend_c_impl
• Remove _(rich)cmp_c_impl #17890: Remove _(rich)cmp_c_impl
• Setup interrupts in Cython #17900: Setup interrupts in Cython
• Stop including mpz_pylong.h and mpz_longlong.h #17915: Stop including mpz_pylong.h and mpz_longlong.h
• Move PARI array element assignment macros to parisage.h #17916: Move PARI array element assignment macros to parisage.h
• Actually remove c_lib files #17952: Actually remove c_lib files
• Move includes of interrupt.pxi to pyx files #18007: Move includes of interrupt.pxi to pyx files
• Clean-up stdsage.pxi includes #18030: Clean-up stdsage.pxi includes
• Move interrupts to Cython #18027: Move interrupts to Cython
• Move ntl_wrap to Sage library #18367: Move ntl_wrap to Sage library

Depends on #18519
Depends on #18367
Depends on #18450

CC: @kiwifb

Component: c_lib

Author: Jeroen Demeyer

Branch/Commit: 5ff2d6d

Reviewer: François Bissey

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/17854