The following set of balls throws an error:

let weirdBalls = [
  { x: 14.5, y: 48.5, r: 7.585 },
  { x: 9.5, y: 79.5, r: 2.585 },
  { x: 15.5, y: 73.5, r: 8.585 }
] 
d3.packEnclose(weirdBalls)

Note that these do not seem weird in the sense of having centers that are too close or too small/too big radii.
I tracked down the error to function encloseBasis3, which has the following conditional assignment:

const r = -(A ? (B + Math.sqrt(B * B - 4 * A * C)) / (2 * A) : C / B);

For this particular data set, A == 4.440892098500626e-16, and my proposed solution is to test for a 'small enough' A :

const r = -(Math.abs(A) > 1e-10
      ? (B + Math.sqrt(B * B - 4 * A * C)) / (2 * A)
      : C / B);

This seems to work in a project which creates quite a few circles, but there is probably a better solution.