The Contribution Role Taxonomy (CRediT) defines fourteen standard roles of authors. Each author can be annotated with one or more contribution roles.

1. conceptualization
2. data-curation
3. formal-analysis
4. funding-acquisition
5. investigation
6. methodology
7. project-administration
8. resources
9. software
10. supervision
11. validation
12. visualization
13. writing-original-draft
14. writing-review-editing

For example, this can be used to identify which authors materially contributed to the paper, such as through formal-analysis or data-curation and which authors contributed immaterially, such as through supervision.

A possible way this could look in the article frontmatter:

authors:
  - name: John Doe
    affiliation: [ 1 ]
    roles:
      - type: 'formal-analysis'

  - name: John Boss
    affiliation: [ 1 ]
    roles:
      - type: 'funding-acquisition'
      - type: 'supervision'

This is helpful to make things more transparent, but also might be useful in implementing additional automated checks. For example, JOSS's guidelines state that authors with the single supervision role are not qualified to be co-authors - this could be automated if contributor metadata is available.