sys.version='3.10.12 (main, Feb  4 2025, 14:57:36) [GCC 11.4.0]'
z3.get_full_version()='4.14.1.0'

The following consistently leads to a segmentation fault:

import z3

z3.Context().param_descrs()
z3.Context()  # --> Segmentation fault

or equivalently:

import z3

a = z3.Context().param_descrs()
del a
z3.Context()  # --> Segmentation fault

If the result of z3.Context().param_descrs() is not explicitly or implicitly (by not being assigned to a variable) discarded, then the code terminate without any error:

import z3

a = z3.Context().param_descrs()
z3.Context()  # Ok

param_descrs returns the global parameter description set. I suspect its ref count is not properly set and python does not know of the global holding it.

param_descrs was introduced by 7da9f12 in version 4.9.0, all versions seem to be affected.