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I'll note that I came across two false positives that I think are a result of this PR:

1. It doesn't seem to like float-with-precision placeholders like %1.1f

// translators: %1.1f: numeric amount of GB used.
const test = __( 'Using %1.1fGB', 'some-pkg' );

Lint → Translator comment missing description(s) for placeholder(s): %1.1f.

2. It seems to think "6:00AM" is a named placeholder or something:

// translators: %s: a formatted time (e.g. 6:00AM).
const test = __( 'Alarm is set for %s', 'some-pkg' );

Lint → Translator comment has extra placeholder(s): 6.

And this is a false negative (no error emitted):

// translators: 1
__( 'Using %1$dGB', 'some-pkg' ),

I believe 3rd case was left due to comments like

// translators: address for 1

  // translators: %s: a formatted time (e.g. 6:00AM).
  const test = __( 'Alarm is set for %s', 'some-pkg' );

  // Lint → Translator comment has extra placeholder(s): 6.

hmm, this case seems to be due to regex not making it mandatory for space after :, a work around in meantime would be to escape :

  // translators: %1.1f: numeric amount of GB used.
  const test = __( 'Using %1.1fGB', 'some-pkg' );

  // Lint → Translator comment missing description(s) for placeholder(s): %1.1f.

As I believe, @tannin/sprintf doesn't support minimum width ( padding ), supporting this wouldn't be viable as it will not be possible to use in sprintf.

I also found other types which are allowed but not typed supported like 1$.1f, %(id).5d etc in translator comments and sprintf.

I will do a follow up PR for both sprintf and eslint rule to support this.

Thank you for informing.
Regards

cc: @tbradsha, @swissspidy