What problem does this address?

Currently, the interactivity API uses a filter on the script_loader_tag hook (code reference) to dynamically add a defer attribute to the script tags when they are printed to the screen.

Now that official support for registering scripts with an async or defer strategy has landed in WP Core (trunk) in r56033, the interactivity API should be updated to make use of this feature.

What is your proposed solution?

To do so, this will likely need gutenberg_override_script to be updated to support the updated function signature introduce for wp_register_script and wp_enqueue_script so that an array can be passed to the sixth param with the shape of:

array(
    'in_footer' => false,
    'strategy' => 'defer'
);

For backwards compatibility with older versions of WP, the strategy could be set directly on the script object after it is registered by manually calling $wp_scripts->add_data( $handle, 'strategy', 'defer' ) and then applying the current filter approach if the final script tag does not contain the defer attribute.